“学困生”个案的人类学研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 11:27

本文选题：学困生 + 个案　；参考：《安徽大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：“学习困难”现象一直是包括学校、教师、家长和“学困生”自己在内感到不解而又无时不想加以解决的问题。遗憾的是,这一问题却广泛存在于各个知识层次学习的过程中,其中,中小学阶段的“学习困难”现象尤为引人关注。研究者和教育实践者们从不同的学科角度出发,对这一问题进行了孜孜以求的探索,其中不乏大量的真知灼见,但其中运用文化人类学的理论和视角对该问题加以研究的所见不多,有关此方面的研究结果和见解也比较少见。因而,从文化人类学方面对学习困难现象进行研究,不仅必要而且还具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。已有的相关研究大多从某一侧面探究产生学习困难的原因并据此提出干预措施,而较少有全面性、综合性的研究结果。另外,相对于国外相关研究,国内研究更多存在于原因、对策等实践层面上,理论研究相对薄弱,研究视角也比较狭窄。本研究把学困生个案作为研究对象,使用深度访谈和观察法收集研究资料。在对研究个案进行了一年多的访谈和观察后,通过对研究对象日常生活的描述,展现了研究对象的日常生活场景,揭示了学习困难背后意义理解的差异和文化的原因,有助于比较全面地认识和理解学习困难这一现象,进而为如何解决学习困难的问题提供有益的思考。本文主要包括导言、正文和结语,共五个部分。导言部分首先介绍了为何作此研究并阐述了研究所具有的相关意义。其次,对相关研究进行了必要的梳理,以了解当前关于学困生研究的进展和相关的理论状况。再次,在这部分里对学习困难概念和日常生活概念分别进行了界定并简要介绍了日常生活概念的涵义以及相关研究的理论主张；最后,介绍了本研究依据的民族志方法和收集研究资料的具体方法。研究对象的日常生活状况主要是通过研究者和研究对象交往互动,对访谈、观察和研究者理解的描述。包括研究对象生活的家庭环境状况,家人对她的了解和要求；大量研究对象自述她与老师、同学、家人之间的互动交往及她自己对周围所见所闻的人和事的认知和理解。通过深厚描述力图全面展示研究对象的生活细节,使研究对象“鲜活地站在研究者的面前”。现象的解释部分围绕研究对象日常生活中的学习,从四个方面就学习困难现象给予了解释,分别为：隔离与成长——研究对象家庭养育孩子的观念和方式；我的地盘谁做主——日常生活中研究对象缺少学习的主动性和独立性,大多数行为来自施教者的安排；分数、面子与其他——日常生活中分数对学生及其周围相关人所具有的意义,人们注重分数的现实、社会和文化原因；无趣与辛苦——日常生活中,学习困难学生的感受。通过这四个方面,揭示了日常生活中被研究者与其周围环境的交往互动及不同主体对学习意义的不同理解,阐明了造成不同意义理解的具体差异和这些不同理解背后的文化缘由。研究建议部分就学习困难问题提出了一些针对性看法。主要建议是运用人类学的理论和方法对学习困难现象进行更深入的研究,以得到更加全面、深刻的认识；指出日常生活学习的重要意义以及如何在日常生活中培养、保护学习困难学生兴趣的方法,日常生活中潜在影响因素的作用；这部分内容还包含有如何避免学习困难现象的出现和学习困难学生的转化的见解。总结全文,笔者认对学习困难问题进行持续的研究仍然具有十分重要的意义,未来的研究还面临着许多困难；文化人类学的理论和方法可以用于这一现象的研究并可获得一些深层次的认识和理解；同时也指出了本研究的不足之处。
[Abstract]:"Learning difficulties" phenomenon has been including schools, teachers, parents and students themselves, and puzzled when they do not want to solve the problem. Unfortunately, this problem is widespread in the process of all levels of knowledge learning, difficult, "the" primary stage of learning is particularly concern. Researchers and education practitioners starting from different perspectives, to diligently strive after exploration on this problem, which are large but the use of high perspicacity, on the issue of cultural anthropology theory and perspective are few, the related research results and insights are relatively rare thus, from the cultural anthropology to study the phenomenon of learning difficulties, not only necessary but also has certain theoretical significance and practical significance.
Most of the existing related research from one side to explore the causes of learning difficulties and puts forward some intervention measures, and have less comprehensive, comprehensive research results. In addition, compared with foreign research, domestic research exists in the reasons, countermeasures of practice, theoretical research is relatively weak, the research perspective is relatively narrow.
In this study, the LDS case as the research object, using depth interviews and observations to collect research data. In the case study for more than a year of interviews and observations, based on the research object of daily life description, show the research object the scenes of everyday life, reveals the reasons for the differences of learning difficulties behind the understanding and culture, contribute to the comprehensive understanding of learning difficulties of this phenomenon, and learning how to solve the difficult problem of useful thinking.
This article mainly includes the introduction, the text and the conclusion, which are five parts.
The introduction part first introduces why this research and describes the significance of research of related research. Secondly, to sort out, in order to understand the current progress in the research on learning difficulties and related theory. Thirdly, in this part of difficult concepts and daily life concept learning were defined and briefly introduces the theory of the concept of daily life and related research; finally, introduces the concrete method on the basis of ethnographic methods and collecting research data.
The research object of daily life is mainly through the research and study of interaction, interviews, observation and understanding of the researchers described. Including family environment of family life, her understanding and a lot of research object requirements; and she readme teacher, students, cognition and understanding of interactions between family members and her of what one sees and hears the people and things around. The thick description about the details of life, make the research object vividly stand in front of researchers.
Research on the phenomenon of object interpretation focusing on part of learning in everyday life, from the four aspects of learning difficulties phenomenon is explained respectively: isolation and growth -- concepts and methods of the research object of family parenting; my site who is in charge of daily life -- Research on the lack of learning initiative and independence, most from teaching arrangements; scores, face and other significance scores for student in daily life and the surrounding people have, people pay attention to scores of the reality of the social and cultural reasons; boring and hard - in daily life, the feelings of students with learning difficulties. Through these four aspects, reveals the different understanding the significance of the study of the interaction of different subjects and their surroundings of daily life, expound the cause different understanding and these are not the same Understand the cultural reasons behind it.
Research suggests that part of the problem of learning difficulties and put forward some corresponding views. The main proposal is the use of anthropological theories and methods for further research on the phenomenon of learning difficulties, in order to get a more comprehensive and profound understanding; pointed out the important significance of daily life learning and how to cultivate in daily life, protect the interest of students with learning difficulties and potential impact factors in daily life; this part also includes the transformation of how to avoid the emergence of the phenomenon of learning difficulties and learning difficulties students' opinions.
A summary of the full text, I think it is still of great significance for the research on the problem of learning difficulties, future research still faces many difficulties; and study the theory and method of cultural anthropology can be used for this phenomenon to obtain some deep-seated understanding; and also pointed out the shortcomings of this study.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.4

【引证文献】