中国老年人居住模式选择影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 21:25

本文选题：居住模式选择 + 老年人　；参考：《清华大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：巨大的老龄人口基数使得中国的老龄化问题尤为突出。与此同时,国内较低的经济发展水平也使得老龄化问题的矛盾更加显著。目前,各种养老政策的频繁出台,表明老龄化问题已经受到中国政府的高度重视。而老年人不同的居住模式选择会高度影响其对政府和社会的需求。所以,本研究首先通过理论和实证分析揭示了中国老年人居住模式选择的影响因素,并进一步通过城乡老年人的差异分析,深入探究了这些选择和因素潜在的作用机制。其次,研究基于中国和西方国家老年人居住选择研究的对比分析,得到可能导致老年人居住选择改变的因素,从而为政府实现鼓励老年人居家养老提供针对性建议。最后,研究还通过对比老年人的实际选择和倾向偏好,为进一步探究老年人居住模式选择的潜在限制因素提供实证支持。研究利用2000年和2010年中国人口普查数据,揭示了中国老年社会的现状及发展趋势;基于2011年和2013年的中国健康与养老追踪调查数据系统性地对中国老年人养老选择的影响因素和动态变化进行了分析。研究通过回顾重要理论研究文献,归纳总结了西方老年人居住选择的决策因素,并进一步对中国老年人的特征开展深入解析,系统归纳了个人特征、家庭状况、经济条件以及政策法规等四类重要因素。基于此,研究首先构建Loigt模型揭示影响老年人居住模式选择的主要影响变量,并对比分析了城镇及农村老年人的差异。其次,应用Logit回归分析了改变老年人居住选择的影响因素。最后,论文研究了老年人居住倾向和实际选择的差异,并基于回归结果识别了决定老年人居住选择的限制因素。本研究得到三个基本结论。第一,老年人个人特征、家庭结构、资金状况以及政策法规都是显著影响老年人居住模式选择的因素。而城镇和农村老年人的主要差别在其遗产动机。第二,老年人医疗费用支付方、孙辈的存在以及老年人的生活水平自评价,都可能会导致老年人改变其居住模式选择。第三,只有小部分老年人可以按照其倾向选择对应的居住模式,限制选择的因素主要是健康状况。基于研究结论提出以下政策建议。首先,中国老年人居住模式选择的影响因素具有中国特色,因此中国政府需要制定有针对性的政策,而不能直接套用西方现有模式。其次,政府应该更关注老年人医疗支付以及生活水平,并大力支持社区网络的发展以保证医疗可达性,以达到鼓励老年人居家养老的最终目的。最后,政府亦应该推行适老型住宅改造,以提高老年人居家养老生活质量并减轻公共财政负担,同时通过税额减免等政策鼓励子女多承担赡养老年人的义务。
[Abstract]:China's aging problem is particularly prominent because of its huge aging population base.At the same time, the low level of economic development in China also makes the contradiction of aging more obvious.At present, the frequent introduction of various pension policies indicate that the aging problem has been highly valued by the Chinese government.The choice of different living patterns of the elderly will greatly affect their needs for the government and society.Therefore, through theoretical and empirical analysis, this study reveals the influencing factors of the elderly's choice of living mode in China, and further explores the potential mechanism of these choices and factors through the analysis of the differences between urban and rural elderly.Secondly, based on the comparative analysis between Chinese and western countries, the factors that may lead to the change of residence choice of the elderly are obtained, which can provide targeted suggestions for the government to encourage the elderly to live at home.Finally, the study provides empirical support for further exploring the potential limiting factors of the elderly's choice of living mode by comparing the actual choice and preference of the elderly.The present situation and development trend of China's elderly society are revealed by using the data of the 2000 and 2010 Chinese population censuses.Based on the data of China Health and Old-Age tracking Survey in 2011 and 2013, this paper systematically analyzed the influencing factors and dynamic changes of the elderly's pension choice in China.By reviewing the important theoretical research documents, the study summarizes the decision-making factors of the elderly's choice of residence in the West, and further analyzes the characteristics of the elderly in China, and systematically induces the personal characteristics, the family situation,Economic conditions and policies and regulations and other four important factors.Based on this, first of all, the Loigt model was constructed to reveal the main influence variables that affect the choice of the elderly's living mode, and the differences between the urban and rural elderly were compared and analyzed.Secondly, Logit regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of changing the living choice of the elderly.Finally, the paper studies the difference between the living tendency and the actual choice of the elderly, and identifies the limiting factors that determine the residential choice of the elderly based on the regression results.This study draws three basic conclusions.First, the characteristics of the elderly, family structure, financial status and policies and regulations are the significant factors that affect the choice of the elderly living mode.The main difference between the urban and rural elderly lies in their heritage motives.Secondly, the payment of medical expenses for the elderly, the existence of grandchildren and the self-evaluation of the living standard of the elderly may result in the elderly changing their choice of living mode.Third, only a small number of elderly people can choose the corresponding living mode according to their tendency, the main factor limiting the choice is health status.Based on the conclusions of the study, the following policy recommendations are put forward.First of all, the factors that influence the choice of living mode for the elderly in China have Chinese characteristics. Therefore, the Chinese government needs to formulate targeted policies instead of directly applying the existing western model.Secondly, the government should pay more attention to medical payment and living standard of the elderly, and strongly support the development of community network to ensure the availability of medical care, so as to achieve the ultimate goal of encouraging the elderly to live in their homes and provide for the aged.Finally, the government should also carry out the reform of the aging housing in order to improve the quality of life and lighten the burden of public finance. At the same time, the government should encourage the children to take on the duty of supporting the elderly through tax reduction and other policies.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：C913.6;C913.31

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