嵌入性视角下农民合作社的运行机制及其社会影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 13:19

本文选题：农民合作社 + 嵌入性　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文运用嵌入性理论,基于农民合作社与农村的关系可以将农民合作社分为脱嵌式合作社与嵌入式合作社。在考察农村社会结构、社会资本对两种农民合作社不同作用的基础上,本文将分别分析脱嵌式合作社与嵌入式合作社的发展逻辑和运行机制,总结两者的具有的不同特征,及其对农村阶层结构和基层社会治理产生的不同影响。农地规模经营类合作社是依靠对规模农地的直接生产经营发展的。它的运行机制是对地方政府的利用、对农村精英的吸纳,以及对普通农户的排斥,这是一种脱嵌于农村社区的发展类型,作为一种外来资本,它缺乏利用农村社会信任和社会结构等资源的天然优势。而在通过对普通农户排斥和对农村精英吸纳以及地方政府的利用,它将发展重心置于村庄社区之外,事实上它是嵌入于村庄之外的社会的,主要利用村庄之外的行政力量和村庄上层的精英力量进行发展,其生产发展不具备在村性,导致农业生产经营的去社区化。脱嵌式合作社在农村中会遭遇到很多困境,也给农村社会带来很多负面影响。在追求自身利润的经济理性推动下,对农村阶层结构产生严重影响,基层社会治理环境也逐步恶化。服务规模经营类合作社是依靠对农户生产经营农业提供服务而进行发展的。它的运行机制是社会分工、为农户提供社会化的技术服务和村集体统筹作用的激活,这是一种嵌入式合作社。它维护了村庄的完整性,利用农村结构、社会信任关系等农村中的非正式因素,更深地嵌入在农村社区中,借助于这些资源促进合作社自身和农村的发展。它的发展促进了中坚农民和普通农户与农村精英的分工,这种分工使不同阶层农民在发挥自身资源优势的同时利用现代化生产要素,促进农村社会的发展,这对农村阶层结构产生良性影响,改善了基层社会治理环境,在使资源配置更加有效的同时,再造了农村社区,使农村社区更有活力。嵌入式合作社也为我国农业改革的“二次飞跃”提供了助力。嵌入式合作社在保留农村各阶层的完整性,维护村庄稳定和社会秩序的同时,为我国家庭生产经营的跨越式发展提供了社会基础和组织载体,这完善了社会学中经典的农民学理论传统,也为我国各阶层共享改革成果提供助力。而对嵌入性合作社的运行机制和社会影响的分析也展现出了新经济社会学对农业方面分析的现实效力,增强了新经济社会学的解释强度,扩大了其适用范围。
[Abstract]:Based on the relationship between the farmers' cooperatives and the rural areas, this paper divides the farmers' cooperatives into two types: the unembedded cooperatives and the embedded cooperatives.On the basis of investigating the different roles of rural social structure and social capital on two kinds of peasant cooperatives, this paper will analyze the development logic and operation mechanism of de-embedded cooperatives and embedded cooperatives, and summarize the different characteristics of the two cooperatives.And its different impact on rural stratum structure and social governance at the grass-roots level.The agricultural land scale management type cooperative relies on the scale farmland direct production management development.Its operating mechanism is the utilization of the local government, the absorption of the rural elite, and the rejection of the ordinary peasant household, which is a kind of development type which is not embedded in the rural community, as a kind of external capital.It lacks the natural advantage of utilizing resources such as rural social trust and social structure.And through the exclusion of ordinary farmers and the absorption of the rural elite and the use of local governments, it focuses on development outside the village community, and in fact it is embedded in a society outside the village.De-embedding cooperatives in rural areas will encounter many difficulties, but also bring a lot of negative impact on rural society.Driven by the pursuit of economic rationality, the structure of the rural stratum is seriously affected, and the social governance environment at the grass-roots level is gradually deteriorating.The service scale management cooperative relies on providing the service to the peasant household production and management agriculture to carry on the development.Its operating mechanism is social division of labor, providing socialized technical services for farmers and activating the role of village collective coordination, which is an embedded cooperative.It maintains the integrity of the village, makes use of the informal factors in the rural areas such as rural structure, social trust, and so on, and is embedded in the rural communities more deeply, with the help of these resources to promote the development of the cooperatives themselves and the rural areas.Its development has promoted the division of labor between the backbone farmers and ordinary farmers and the rural elite. This division of labor has enabled farmers of different strata to make use of modern factors of production while giving play to their own advantages of resources, thus promoting the development of rural society.This has a positive impact on the rural stratum structure, improves the social governance environment at the grass-roots level, reconstructs the rural community while making the allocation of resources more effective, and makes the rural community more dynamic.The embedded cooperative also provides the help for the second leap of the agricultural reform in our country.While retaining the integrity of all rural strata and maintaining village stability and social order, embedded cooperatives provide a social foundation and organizational carrier for the leap-forward development of family production and management in China.It consummates the classical tradition of farmer theory in sociology, and also provides help for all strata to share the achievements of reform.The analysis of the operation mechanism and social impact of embedded cooperatives also shows the practical effect of the new economic sociology on agriculture, strengthens the interpretation intensity of the new economic sociology, and expands its scope of application.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C912.82

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