我国ENGO参与环境弱势群体社会支持的研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 10:41

本文选题：ENGO + 环境弱势群体　；参考：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：环境问题是现代社会困扰和阻碍人类发展的巨大难题,这一难题不仅仅反映在人与自然日趋紧张的关系上,同时表现为人与人之间的涉及政治、经济、文化、社会、伦理等方面的一系列错综复杂的矛盾关系。对于上述问题的前一个方面来说,由于它对全人类的生存环境造成了直接的、可感的伤害因此引起了广泛的重视,人类已经付诸行动在技术上不断寻求突破以减轻对环境的污染和破坏。而对于后者来说,它以环境问题的第一个方面为前提并作用到人与人的关系上催生出更为复杂和棘手的挑战与威胁,却尚未引起人们足够的关注。有鉴于此,聚焦和化解环境正义问题和环境弱势群体问题以促进社会的公平正义与稳定和谐在现实的情况下是十分必要的。环境弱势群体是指在环境权利的享有与环境义务的承担方面不相匹配的群体,他们是在生态环境恶化、资源约束趋紧的背景下社会分配的非正义作用在环境领域的产物,他们的存在和增加极其不利于社会的稳定与发展,成为摆在各国面前的难题。在我国的社会转型过程中,利益分配格局、资源配置方式、社会阶层关系的快速嬗变和日益严峻的环境问题交织在一起,使一部分农民、工人和城市居民等被排斥在新的社会结构的边缘从而在自然资源的利用、环境权利与生态利益分配和占有方面处于不利地位,成为了我国的环境弱势群体。他们面临着各种各样的环境侵权事件却无力改变现状,这就要求政府、企业以及民间组织伸出援手为他们提供社会支持以维护环境正义。然而在现有的社会支持网络中,存在着"政府失灵"、"市场失灵"和"个体失灵"的现象,ENGO作为第三部门似乎就成为重要的补充力量,应在环境弱势群体的社会支持中应该扮演好自身的角色。然而在实然层面,ENGO的功能并未能完全释放,理想与现实之间的偏差严重影响了对环境弱势群体社会支持的实际效果。因此找到存在偏差的原因并有针对性地提出解决方案,使ENGO在环境弱势群体的社会支持中的作用能够充分发挥就成了当前的研究重点。本文以ENGO参与环境弱势群体的社会支持为研究对象,根据国内外对环境弱势群体的社会支持研究的相关文献并结合我国的现实状况,以环境正义理论和合作治理理论为基础,分析目前我国环境弱势群体的社会支持现状和ENGO在其中扮演的现实角色与应然状态间的落差,提出了完善ENGO参与环境弱势群体社会支持的对策与建议。其中重点探讨了政府与ENGO的关系的调整,以期通过政府向社会的放权构建政府与民间组织的合作治理,从而为环境弱势群体提供更加全面、高效的社会支持,促进社会公平正义的实现。
[Abstract]:The problem of environment is a huge problem which puzzles and hinders the development of human being in modern society. This problem is not only reflected in the increasingly tense relationship between man and nature, but also in the political, economic, cultural and social aspects of human beings.Ethics and other aspects of a series of intricate contradictions.For the former aspect of the above question, because of its direct and perceptible harm to the living environment of mankind as a whole, it has attracted extensive attention,Mankind has taken action to find technological breakthroughs to reduce pollution and damage to the environment.For the latter, it takes the first aspect of the environmental problem as the premise and plays an important role in the relationship between people, resulting in more complicated and intractable challenges and threats, but it has not attracted enough attention.In view of this, it is necessary to focus on and resolve the problems of environmental justice and environmental vulnerable groups in order to promote social fairness, justice and stability and harmony.Environmental vulnerable group refers to the group that does not match the enjoyment of environmental rights and the undertaking of environmental obligations. They are the result of the unjust role of social distribution in the field of environment under the background of the deterioration of ecological environment and the tightening of resource constraints.Their existence and increase are extremely unfavorable to social stability and development, and become a difficult problem in front of all countries.In the process of social transformation in our country, the pattern of benefit distribution, the mode of resource allocation, the rapid evolution of social stratum relationship and the increasingly severe environmental problems are intertwined, making some farmers,Workers and urban residents are excluded from the edge of the new social structure, thus they are disadvantaged in the utilization of natural resources, the distribution and possession of environmental rights and ecological benefits, and have become the environmental vulnerable groups in our country.They face a variety of environmental violations but can not change the status quo, which requires governments, enterprises and civil society organizations to help them to provide social support to safeguard environmental justice.However, in the existing social support network, there are "government failures", "market failures" and "individual failures". As a third sector, NGOs seem to be an important complementary force.Should play a good role in the social support of the environmental vulnerable groups.However, the function of Ego has not been completely released, and the deviation between ideal and reality has seriously affected the actual effect of social support to the environmental vulnerable groups.Therefore, to find out the cause of the deviation and to put forward the solutions, so that the role of ENGO in the social support of the environmental vulnerable groups can be fully played has become the focus of current research.This paper takes ENGO participation in the social support of the environmental vulnerable groups as the research object, according to the relevant documents of the research on the social support of the environmental vulnerable groups at home and abroad and combined with the reality of our country, based on the theory of environmental justice and cooperative governance theory.This paper analyzes the current situation of social support for the environmental vulnerable groups in China and the gap between the realistic role and the supposed state of ENGO, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to perfect ENGO's participation in the social support of the environmental vulnerable groups.The adjustment of the relationship between the government and the ENGO is discussed in order to construct the cooperative governance between the government and the civil organizations through the decentralization of the government to the society, so as to provide more comprehensive and efficient social support for the vulnerable groups of the environment.Promote the realization of social fairness and justice.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C912.2

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