社会人类学视角下人的问题解析——布达佩斯学派对马克思人的本质思想的新阐发

发布时间：2018-04-18 11:27

本文选题：社会人类学 + 人的问题　；参考：《学术交流》2017年07期

【摘要】：人的问题,尤其人的分裂与统一,是马克思及其继承者们一直在思考的问题。东欧新马克思主义对马克思思想的人道主义维度的阐发主要是从人的问题出发的。其中,布达佩斯学派立足于马克思和卢卡奇对于人的问题的分析,在现代性的历史条件下重新阐释了人的问题。布达佩斯学派理论家们十分重视马克思关于人的本质的思想,加之受卢卡奇从文化批判角度阐发人的分裂的影响,他们得出:现代性历史条件下人的问题依然如马克思和卢卡奇所分析出的,是人的本质与其存在的分裂,只不过这种分裂的实质展现为个体与类的分裂,个体与类的分裂是现代人生存危机的全部根源。马克思对人的异化的阐释和卢卡奇对人的分裂的阐发也都揭示了现代人的生存危机,但二人都认为人的这种分裂是可以扬弃的。而布达佩斯学派的主要代表人物赫勒和马尔库什从社会人类学视角重新分析了人的这种个体与类的分裂,得出:这种分裂不但不可避免,而且正是现代人的存在方式,现代性历史条件下弥合这种分裂只能是在分裂中寻求共识。
[Abstract]:The question of man, especially the division and unity of man, is a question that Marx and his successors have been thinking about all the time.The elucidation of the humanitarianism dimension of Marx's thought by New Marxism in Eastern Europe is mainly based on the human problem.Among them, the Budapest School based on Marx and Lukacs' analysis of the human problem, under the historical conditions of modernity to re-explain the human problem.The Budapest school theorists attached great importance to Marx's thoughts on the nature of human beings, in addition to the influence of Lukacs' interpretation of the division of human beings from the angle of cultural criticism.They came to the conclusion that the problem of human beings under the historical conditions of modernity is still, as Marx and Lukacs have analyzed, the essence of human beings and their existence, but the essence of this kind of division is the division of individual and class.The split between individual and class is the root of modern man's survival crisis.Marx's interpretation of human alienation and Lukacs's interpretation of human division also reveal the crisis of modern people's existence, but both of them think that this kind of division of human beings can be subsumed and abandoned.Heller and Markush, the main representatives of Budapest School, reanalyzed the division of individual and class from the perspective of social anthropology, and concluded that this kind of division is not only inevitable, but also the way modern people exist.Bridging this division under the historical conditions of modernity can only seek consensus in the process of division.
【作者单位】：黑龙江大学马克思主义学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“社会主义理论在东欧的发展与演变研究”(17CKS025) 教育部人文社会科学项目“布达佩斯学派文化批判理论研究”(14YJC720004)
【分类号】：C912.4

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