新中国乡镇社会善治理论的实践研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 09:26

本文选题：新中国 + 治理　；参考：《河北师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：首先，本文是从文化哲学和政治社会学的角度展开对当下的政治学中流行的善治理论的考察和研究。从善治理论兴起与发展的历史中来考察其本质和内涵，明确其实质和针对性。从表面上看，它针对的是传统政治学的统治概念和思想，而从本质上讲则是人们对良好的社会管理方式的追求和理想状态。它表明了在现实的社会发展中，政府的无力和市场的失效，还有公共社会的强大，这个内在的要求迫使人们尤其是理论界和政府企业等社会实践者将目光投向善治理论，以期找到解决问题的根本办法。它强调的是面对公共事务时治理主体的多元化和人对社会各界积极性的有效发挥。以往政治家和学者都很难将重心放在乡镇社会尤其是乡村。但是中国共产党的政治实践却在一开始就与乡镇社会有密切的联系，其理论成果也非常丰富，从某种意义上说乡镇社会的农民是革命的强大的主力军，是中国革命的主要依靠力量。所以本文未做特别说明之处，均以乡镇社会为重点考察对象。其次，本文重点从善治理论新中国的政治社会实践的角度展开了对善治理论的实践性考察，从而指出新中国的成立是传统的社会管理理论的革命性变革，它从根本上改变了传统中国的社会面貌，让人民在政治上自由、经济上独立，从而成为自己的主人。而这种变革恰好来自于新中国对整个社会经济基础的革命性改造。新中国的成立和土地革命实现了耕者有其田，然后在社会主义共同理想的指导下，中国人民开展翻天覆地的社会实践，发动了社会最底层和最深层次的革命性改造，从而打造了社会主义中国的经济基础。人民公社的经济制度决定了它的社会管理制度，它的理想和目标激励中国广大的农民投身到社会变革的洪流，甚至形成了表演式的剧场社会。由于过于强调理想而忘记了其根本，，所以人民公社遇到了问题和瓶颈，并导致了人民公社的解体。然而改革却存在着严重的矫枉过正的倾向，使本来过于偏重集体生产积极性的人民公社演变成了乡政村治的社会管理现状。然而它同样存在着经济基础与政治管理上层建筑不吻合的情况，所以这是对它进行考察和研究的基本点。再次，通过对新中国前后三十年的经验与教训的总结，找寻善治最本质的内容和追求。指明新中国不是凭空产生的，她是中国共产党领导中国人民经过了长期的革命战争而争得的胜利果实，新中国的成立是在对帝国主义、官僚主义和封建主义的革命性改造基础上建立起来的。新中国人民的政治、经济和社会地位是与旧中国完全不同的。所以她所开创的是一个崭新的天地和世界，人们的社会管理在内容和形式上都完全不同了，所以这个改造是翻天覆地的革命性的改造，是任何时代都不可比拟的。新中国前三十年的实践探索为我们提供了宝贵的实践经验，当然有教训，不过教训是在经验基础上存在的。改革是对人民公社时期的继承和发展，它在这个基础上产生了巨大的创造力，形成了巨大的社会生产力。对于善治来说，改革为我们提供了更多的教训，这是需要我们认真思考和对待的。继承和发展对于我们来说有着太重要的意义，它需要我们有正确的方法和态度，悖论中有非常多的积极合理的因素，要承袭这些优秀的内容，让我们的社会主义现代化建设更加有效地运行，让我们不断地接近我们理想的目标。最后，从人们的历史理想、政治社会学和现实的文化哲学等角度展开了对善治理论的深层次梳理，指出了它是人们非常现实的存在方式，而在这其中最为重要的仍然是其经济制度或者说是其生产文化，只要对这个根本性因素进行恰如其分的改造我们才能真正达到社会主义市场经济所期待的中国人民的尤其是乡镇社会的善治理想。在最后的总结中又对前文的内容做了简单的梳理性总结，指出善治理论的追求和要点，提出我们关于社会管理和善治的一点希望。
[Abstract]:First, this article is to investigate and study the popular theory of good governance in the current political science from the perspective of cultural philosophy and political sociology. From the history of the rise and development of the theory of good governance, it examines its essence and connotation, clarifies its essence and pertinence. On the surface, it is the concept and thought of the rule of traditional politics. In essence, it is the pursuit and ideal state of a good way of social management. It shows the weakness of the government and the failure of the market and the strength of public society in the reality of social development. This internal requirement forces people, especially the theorists and government enterprises, to pay their attention to the theory of good governance. In order to find a fundamental way to solve the problem, it emphasizes the diversification of the governance subject in the face of public affairs and the effective exertion of people's enthusiasm for all walks of life. The politicians and scholars have been difficult to focus on the township society, especially in the countryside. But the political practice of the Communist Party of China has been closely related to the township society in the beginning. In a sense, the rural farmers are the main force of the revolution and the main strength of the Chinese revolution in a sense. Therefore, this article does not make a special explanation, and all of them focus on the rural and township society.
Secondly, this paper focuses on the practical investigation of the theory of good governance from the perspective of the political and social practice of new China in the theory of good governance, and points out that the establishment of the new China is a revolutionary change of the traditional social management theory, which fundamentally changes the social appearance of the traditional China, and makes the people free and independent in the economy. This change comes from the revolutionary transformation of the new China to the whole social and economic basis. The founding of the new China and the land revolution have realized the land of the tiller, and under the guidance of the common socialist ideal, the Chinese people have carried out the earth shaking social practice and launched the bottom and the deepest of the society. A revolutionary transformation has created the economic foundation of the socialist China. The economic system of the people's commune determines its social management system. Its ideals and goals encourage the vast peasants of China to devote themselves to the flood of social change, and even form a performing theater society. The people's commune has encountered problems and bottlenecks and has led to the disintegration of the people's commune. However, the reform has a serious tendency to overcorrection. The people's commune, which is too biased to the initiative of collective production, has evolved into the status of the social management of the township government and village governance. However, it also has no kisses on the economic base and the political management superstructure. Therefore, this is the basic point of investigation and research.
Thirdly, through the summary of the experience and lessons of the thirty years before and after the new China, the most essential content and pursuit of good governance are found. It is pointed out that the new China is not born out of thin air. She is the fruit of the victory of the Chinese Communist Party leading the Chinese people after a long revolutionary war. The founding of the new China is on imperialism, bureaucracy and seal. The political, economic and social status of the new Chinese people is completely different from that of the old China. So what she created is a new world and the world, and the social management of the people is completely different in content and form, and the transformation is a revolutionary transformation. It is incomparable in any time. The practice and exploration of the first thirty years of new China have provided us with valuable practical experience and lesson, but the lesson is on the basis of experience. The reform is the inheritance and development of the people's commune. On this basis, it has produced great creativity and formed a huge social production. Force. For good governance, the reform provides us with more lessons, which requires us to seriously think and treat. Inheritance and development are of great importance to us. It requires us to have the right way and attitude. There are a lot of positive and reasonable factors in the paradox. We should inherit these excellent contents and let our society. The modernisation of modernism is more effective and keeps us close to our ideal goals.
In the end, from the perspective of people's historical ideals, political sociology and realistic cultural philosophy, the deep combing of the theory of good governance is carried out, and it is pointed out that it is a very realistic way of existence, and the most important of which is still its economic system or its production culture, as long as it is just like its fundamental factor. Only by transformation can we truly achieve the ideal of good governance of the Chinese people, especially the townships and townships, which are expected by the socialist market economy.
In the final summary, a brief summary of the contents of the previous article is made, and the pursuit and key points of the theory of good governance are pointed out, and a little hope for our social management and good governance is put forward.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：C912.82

【参考文献】