养老机构老年人照护需求评估的实证研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 10:19

本文选题：养老机构 + 老年人　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的:1.通过客观、全面的评估养老机构老年人的生理、精神心理、社会功能与活动能力来反映老年人的照护需求现状。2.采用照护时间评估指标调查养老机构的服务供给现状。3.分析老年人照护需求与机构服务供给的关系,揭示机构老年人需求的供给状况。研究方法:本研究是一项横断面研究,使用方便抽样法从济南市五个区选取371位养老机构老年人进行问卷调查。根据课题组前期构建的养老机构老年人照护需求评估体系,筛查每个评估指标所对应的发展成熟、适用于老年人的评估工具,构成本研究的养老机构老年人照护需求评估表,用于客观、全面的评估机构老年人的需求现状。使用养老机构老年人照护时间评估问卷调查老年人每天都会接受哪些照护,并由老年人估计各项照护活动所用时间,用于反映养老机构的服务供给现状。采用SPSS21.0软件对数据进行分析,使用描述性分析法描述机构老年人的一般人口学资料、照护需求现状以及机构的服务供给现状,使用多元线性回归、Logistic回归方法分析机构老年人需求与机构服务供给的关系。研究结果:1.养老机构中65.2%的老年人社会网络不足,62%的老年人有认知障碍,53.9%的老年人存在一种及以上的工具性日常活动障碍,45.6%的老年人有睡眠障碍,42.6%的老年人营养不良,42%的老年人有便秘症状,27.5%的老年人感觉到孤独,21%的老年人有一种及以上的行为症状,6.7%的老年人有中度及以上的视力障碍,5.7%的老年人有中、重度听力困难。2.养老机构在日常生活照护上每天为老年人提供的照护时间为3-205.64分钟,而80.3%的老年人表示从来没有接受到相应的专业照护,83%的老年人没有接受到精神慰藉,50.1%的老年人从来没有接受到监护服务。3.不同日常活动能力、运动功能与有无工具性日常活动障碍的老年人接受到的日常生活照护时间有统计学差异(P0.05),而有无视、听力损伤及认知障碍的老年人接受到的日常生活照护时间并没有统计学差异(P0.05);有无压疮、压疮风险、便秘、大便失禁、尿失禁、睡眠障碍、视力障碍、听力障碍的老年人接受到的专业照护时间没有统计学差异(P0.05);有无认知障碍、抑郁、焦虑、孤独、行为问题、社会支持不足的老年人接受到的精神慰藉时间没有统计学差异(P0.05);有无抑郁情绪老年人接受到的监护时间有统计学差异(P0.05),而有无视力障碍、吞咽障碍、认知障碍、焦虑情绪、行为问题、营养不良及不同运动功能的老年人接受到的监护时间没有统计学差异(P0.05)。研究结论:1.养老机构老年人在生理、精神心理、社会功能及活动能力上存在不同程度的功能障碍,在日常生活、专业照护、精神慰藉、监护服务、饮食方面上有不同的照护需求。2.养老机构的服务供给情况不容乐观,仍以日常生活照料服务为主。3.养老机构老年人的日常生活照护需求得到了较大程度的供给,专业照护、精神慰藉、监护服务需求上的供给却严重不足,甚至存在空白。
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. through objective, comprehensive assessment of the physiological, mental, psychological, social function and activity ability of the elderly in the pension institution to reflect the status quo of the care needs of the elderly.2..3. analysis of the service supply status of old-age care institutions by the time evaluation index of care and the relationship between the care demand of the elderly and the supply of institutional services. The research method: This study is a cross-sectional study, using a convenient sampling method to select 371 elderly people from five districts in Ji'nan to carry out a questionnaire survey. According to the early construction of the elderly care needs assessment system, the development maturity of each evaluation index is screened. The assessment tool suitable for the elderly constitutes an assessment form for the elderly care needs in this study, which is used to objectively and comprehensively assess the status quo of the needs of the elderly. Using the SPSS21.0 software to analyze the data and describe the general demographic data of the elderly, the status of the needs and the present status of the service supply, using the multiple linear regression and Logistic regression method to analyze the needs and institutions of the institutional elderly. The results were as follows: 1. the social network of 65.2% of the elderly in the pension institution was insufficient, 62% of the elderly had cognitive impairment, and 53.9% of the elderly had one and more disorders of instrumental daily activity, 45.6% of the elderly had sleep disorders, 42.6% of the elderly were not well nourished, 42% of the elderly had constipation symptoms, and 27.5% of the elderly felt the same. In the sense of loneliness, 21% of the elderly have one and more behavioral symptoms, 6.7% of the elderly have moderate and above visual impairment, 5.7% of the elderly have middle, and severe hearing loss.2. pension institutions for the elderly daily care for the elderly is 3-205.64 clock, and 80.3% of the elderly have never accepted the phase. For the professional care, 83% of the elderly did not receive spiritual comfort, and 50.1% of the elderly had never accepted the different daily activities of the guardianship service.3.. The exercise function and the daily life care time for the elderly people with a tool free daily activity were statistically different (P0.05), with disregard, hearing impairment and cognitive impairment. There was no statistical difference in the day-to-day care time accepted by the elderly people (P0.05); there was no statistical difference between the elderly people who had pressure ulcers, pressure ulcers risk, constipation, urinary incontinence, urinary incontinence, sleep disorder, visual impairment, and hearing impairment (P0.05); there was no cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, loneliness, and behavioral questions. There was no statistical difference in the time of mental comfort accepted by the elderly with insufficient social support (P0.05); there was a statistical difference between the elderly and the elderly who had no depression (P0.05), but there was no visual impairment, dysphagia, cognitive impairment, anxiety, behavioral problems, malnutrition and different exercise functions of the elderly. There is no statistical difference in monitoring time (P0.05). Conclusion: 1. the elderly in the pension institution have different degrees of dysfunction in physiological, mental, social function and activity ability, and there are different care requirements in daily life, professional care, spiritual comfort, guardianship service, and diet, and the service supply of.2. pension institutions is different. Not optimistic, the daily life care service is still the main.3. old-age care needs for the elderly people's daily life care needs have been greatly supplied, professional care, spiritual comfort, the supply of guardianship service demand is seriously inadequate, even there is a gap.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C913.6;R473

【参考文献】