偶尔吸烟者社会行为学模式研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 14:42

本文选题：偶尔吸烟者 + 社会行为学　；参考：《浙江大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究背景早在20世纪80年代,科学研究就明确地显示个人健康行为在早病和早死中扮演了主要角色。大量的科学研究从不同的角度证明了吸烟是肺癌、慢性呼吸系统疾病、冠心病、脑卒中等多种疾病发生和死亡的重要危险因素。1964年美国综合6000多项卫生研究证实：烟草有害健康。时至今日,烟草仍在肆意掠夺着人类的生命。吸烟不仅会对吸烟者自身造成伤害,同时生活在其周围的庞大的人群还会受到“二手烟”的危害。由于烟草导致的种种健康危害,吸烟被WHO列为21世纪严重威胁人类健康的十大问题之一目前国外对吸烟行为学研究较为广泛,对吸烟人群的关注已经从广泛的吸烟者区分为偶尔吸烟者(Occasional Smoker)和经常吸烟者(Daily Smoker),进而分析各自不同的行为特征。 Saul Shiffman从90年代对偶尔吸烟者的社会行为模式进行研究。重点关注其社会特征及行为动力学。发现其在社交场合、情绪等影响下吸烟行为发生较为常见；偶尔吸烟者似乎没有尼古丁依赖现象,但是容易造成二手烟危害。研究发现,目前美国的总体吸烟人数正在下降,而偶尔吸烟者人数却逐步上升,其占吸烟者总数的比例呈增长趋势。这种情况也很有可能在中国发生。众多的国际控烟经验证明,控烟最好从不吸烟人群入手；偶尔吸烟也会对吸烟者造成心血管损害；偶尔吸烟者五年内转变为经常吸烟者的几率为30%；偶尔吸烟者沉溺于酗酒的可能性比不吸烟者高16倍；而经常吸烟者成瘾比率高,戒烟及控烟难度相当大。国内对吸烟人群的研究报告大体还停留在描述性流行病学研究阶段,结合国际研究成果对中国的吸烟人群进行分类研究,有助于发现在中国的社会、政治和文化背景下的吸烟人群行为特征,以制定针对性控烟策略,有效保护大众健康,推进中国控烟工作的开展。研究目的：结合国内外理论基础,以“中国公共卫生控烟倡导行为项目”为平台,通过分析中国城市居民的吸烟现状,分析吸烟者中偶尔吸烟者的社会行为学模式特征,比较偶尔吸烟者和经常吸烟者在吸烟诱导情境、烟瘾、戒烟意向等各项因素上的差异,并针对偶尔吸烟者的行为特征,尝试提出针对性的控烟措施和戒烟建议。研究方法：本次研究为横断面调查研究,抽样方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法。首先,按照地理位置将所有项目单位所在城市分为华东、西北和西南三大区；其次,按随机数字表将24个城市通过首字母顺序排列后进行编号,应用随机整群抽样方法,抽取华东地区A市、西南地区B市、西北地区C市三座城市进行数据收集,根据地理位置和经济发展状况分析,这三座城市具有一定的地域代表性；再次,在每座城市中随机选择两个主城区,在每个区随机抽取两个街道,每个街道随机抽取两个居民区,每个居民区随机抽取若干家庭；最后,对居民区进行入户式家庭访问调查,以成年居民作为调查对象,每个家庭调查一人,最终每个城市获得800-1000份问卷。选取其中的吸烟居民进入本次课题的研究。本次研究对象限定在吸烟者群体,根据以往调查研究的数据,中国城市人群吸烟率约为30-45%。我们的调查样本总量约为2400份,预计回收后进入我们研究的吸烟样本在700份至1200份之间,足以满足本次研究的需求。问卷主要涵盖的内容有：吸烟人群的基本人口学特征、吸烟状况、吸烟诱导情境、尼古丁成瘾情况、戒烟行为和控烟宣传模式。调查数据用Epidata 3.0软件双轨录入,再使用SPSS18.0 for Windows统计软件进行数据分析。分析方法包括描述性分析、单因素卡方检验分析以及Logistic回归分析。研究结果：本次调查得到的吸烟人数为965人,总体吸烟率为40.1%。以是否每天吸烟为区分条件,将吸烟者分为偶尔吸烟者和经常吸烟者,比例分别为12.6%和27.5%。偶尔吸烟者与经常吸烟者在教育程度、吸烟量、吸烟时间、吸烟场所、烟草获得途径、尼古丁成瘾情况、戒烟意向、被动吸烟态度上的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。男性吸烟者为904例,女性61例,女性吸烟者以偶尔吸烟者人数占多数。女性偶尔吸烟者烟龄相对较长,与男性偶尔吸烟者相比,其在烟草消费行为、尼古丁成瘾情况等方面的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究结论：偶尔吸烟者的社会行为学特征与经常吸烟者存在明显差别,影响其吸烟行为的因素较多。女性吸烟者以偶尔吸烟者居多。偶尔吸烟者的社会行为学模式特征主要体现为：男性为主；社会经济地位较低,烟草消费行为较为保守,容易受价格因素影响；尼古丁成瘾率低,具备一定的戒烟行为能力和戒烟行为意向；对他人诱导和环境影响敏感,有被动吸烟危害意识。女性偶尔吸烟者的社会行为学模式特征主要体现为：烟龄较长；社会经济地位较高,烟草消费行为较为稳定,不易受价格因素影响；尼古丁成瘾率高,对环境影响不敏感。在今后的控烟倡导中应该在继续关注男性吸烟者之余,也应该注意不忽略女性人群,从健康角度出发倡导控烟。
[Abstract]:Research background
As early as 1980s, scientific research clearly showed that personal health acts played a major role in early and early death. A large number of scientific studies have shown that smoking is an important risk factor for the occurrence and death of lung cancer, chronic respiratory disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, and other diseases in the United States of.1964 6000. A number of health studies have confirmed that tobacco is harmful to health. Today, tobacco still plunders human life. Smoking not only causes harm to smokers, but also the huge population around them will be harmed by "second-hand smoke". Tobacco caused by species health hazards, smoking is listed as serious in the twenty-first Century by WHO. One of the ten major problems that threaten human health
At present, the study of smoking behavior is more extensive abroad. The attention to smoking population has been distinguished from a wide range of smokers to the occasional smoker (Occasional Smoker) and the regular smoker (Daily Smoker), and then analyze their different behavioral characteristics.
Saul Shiffman studies the social behavior patterns of occasional smokers in 90s. Focus on their social characteristics and behavior dynamics. It is found that smoking behavior is more common in social situations and emotions; occasionally smokers seem to have no nicotine dependence but are vulnerable to secondhand smoke. The total number of smokers in the former United States is declining, while the number of occasional smokers is increasing, and the proportion of smokers is increasing. This is also likely to occur in China.
A large number of international tobacco control experiences have proved that smoking control is the best for people who never smoke; occasionally smoking causes cardiovascular damage to smokers; occasionally smokers have a 30% chance of changing into regular smokers in five years; occasionally smokers are 16 times more likely to indulge in alcoholism than non smokers; and frequent smokers have a high addiction rate. Smoke and tobacco control are very difficult.
The domestic research report on smoking population remains at the stage of descriptive epidemiological study. The classification study of smokers in China combined with international research results will help to find out the behavior characteristics of smokers under the social, political and cultural background of China, in order to make targeted smoking control strategies and effectively protect the public health. Promote the work of tobacco control in China.
The purpose of the study is:
Based on the theoretical basis of China and foreign countries and taking the "China public health tobacco control initiative project" as a platform, this paper analyzes the status of smoking in Chinese urban residents, analyzes the characteristics of the social behavior pattern of occasional smokers in smokers, and compares the smoking induction situation, smoking addiction and smoking cessation intention of occasional smokers and frequent smokers. Based on the differences in smoking behavior and the behavior characteristics of the occasional smokers, it is necessary to propose specific tobacco control measures and smoking cessation suggestions.
Research methods:
This study is a cross-sectional study. The sampling method is multi-stage stratified random sampling.
First, according to the geographical location, the cities of all the project units are divided into three parts: East China, northwest and southwest.
Secondly, according to the random number table, the 24 cities are numbered after the first alphabetical order, and the random cluster sampling is used to collect the data from A city in East China, B city in Southwest China, and the city of C in Northwest China. According to the geographical location and economic development, the three cities have a certain regional representation. At the same time, two main urban areas were randomly selected in each city, two streets were randomly selected in each district, two residential areas were randomly selected from each street, and each residential area was randomly selected.
Finally, a household survey was conducted in the residential area. Adult residents were investigated as subjects, each family investigated one person, and finally 800-1000 questionnaires were obtained in each city.
The study was limited to smokers. According to data from previous studies, the total number of smokers in China's urban population was about 30-45%., with a total of about 2400 samples, which were expected to meet the needs of the study from 700 to 1200.
The main contents of the questionnaire include the basic demographic characteristics of smokers, smoking status, smoking induction situation, nicotine addiction, smoking cessation behavior and smoking control mode.
The survey data were recorded with Epidata 3 software double track, and then SPSS18.0 for Windows statistical software was used to analyze the data. The analysis methods included descriptive analysis, single factor chi square test analysis and Logistic regression analysis.
The results of the study:
The total number of smokers in this survey was 965, the overall smoking rate was 40.1%. or not, the smoking was divided into an occasional smoker and a regular smoker. The proportion of smokers and regular smokers was 12.6% and 27.5%., the degree of education, the amount of smoking, the time of smoking, the place of smoking, the way of tobacco, the nicotine. The difference in the habit of addiction, smoking cessation and passive smoking has statistical significance (P0.05). There are 904 male smokers, 61 women, and female smokers with the occasional smoker. The female smokers have a relatively long smoking age, and the tobacco consumption behavior, nicotine addiction, and so on, are compared with the male smokers. The difference was statistically significant (P0.05).
The conclusions are as follows:
The social behavioural characteristics of occasional smokers are significantly different from those of smokers, and there are many factors affecting their smoking behavior. Female smokers are mostly smokers.
The characteristics of social behaviourology of occasional smokers are mainly as follows: men are mainly male; socioeconomic status is low, tobacco consumption behavior is more conservative, easy to be influenced by price factors; nicotine addiction rate is low, has certain ability of smoking cessation and smoking cessation behavior intention; it is sensitive to his human induced and environmental impact, and has passive smoking risk. Harm consciousness.
The characteristics of social behavior model of female smokers are mainly as follows: Tobacco age is longer, socioeconomic status is higher, tobacco consumption behavior is more stable, and price factors are not easily affected; nicotine addiction rate is high, it is insensitive to environmental impact.
In the future tobacco control advocacy, we should continue to pay attention to the male smokers, and we should also pay attention to ignoring the female population and advocating tobacco control from the perspective of health.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.6

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