均等违反和社会价值取向对社会困境中合作行为的影响

发布时间：2018-05-20 14:57

本文选题：社会困境 + 均等违反　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：社会困境是社会交往活动中普遍存在的一种各方利益矛盾冲突的情境。环境特征、群体特征以及同伴的个体特征及相互作用都会不同程度的影响人们的合作行为。均等原则是社会困境中人们普遍偏好的决策分配原则之一,而群体中极少数成员违反均等原则和群体中绝大多数成员违反均等原则是现实社会中普遍存在的两种情况。社会价值取向是个体行为决策的重要动机因素。处于成年早期的大学生的社会交往既是对青少年期的延续,又对今后更加成熟的社会交往产生深远影响。大学生群体的交往同样会面临各种困境形式,不论是学习互助、科研协作还是独具特色的大学寝室文化,都需要个体利益和集体利益的权衡,研究大学生群体在社会困境中的合作行为具有重要的理论和现实意义。我们通过实验室研究的方法,创设某种虚拟的社会困境情境,通过两个实验来研究均等违反人数的多少对社会困境中人们的合作行为的影响,以及面对均等违反和均等违反的不同水平不同社会价值取向的人的心理和行为反应。实验二在实验一的基础上改变具体的决策规则,提高了社会困境的冲突水平。通过对实验数据的统计分析,得出以下主要结论： (1)在社会困境中,群体成员违反均等的信息反馈会影响人们在接下来的群体决策中的合作水平,均等违反后人们的合作水平显著降低。与均等违反人数少的情况相比,均等违反人数多的小组成员对群体决策结果的内归因水平更高。 (2)在社会困境中,相比其他价值取向类型,亲社会型价值取向的人的合作水平更高。但是,这种合作水平上的差异在均等违反之后就不存在了。而且与其他价值取向类型相比,亲社会型价值取向的人对他人的合作水平的预期更高。在社会困境中,亲社会型价值取向的人对小组的集体效能感水平无论是在均等违反前还是均等违反后都要显著高于其他价值取向类型的人。 (3)与均等违反人数少的情况相比,均等违反人数多的小组成员会体验到更强的消极情绪；面对均等违反现象,与其他价值取向类型的人相比,亲社会型的人体验到的积极情绪更高,消极情绪更低。
[Abstract]:Social predicament is a kind of conflict of interests situation in social communication activities. Environmental characteristics, group characteristics, individual characteristics and interactions of peers all affect people's cooperative behavior to varying degrees. The principle of equality is one of the principles of decision making and distribution that people generally prefer in the social predicament, but the violation of the principle of equality by a very small number of members of a group and the violation of the principle of equality by the majority of members of a group are two kinds of situations that are common in the real society. Social value orientation is an important motivational factor in individual behavior decision-making. The social interaction of college students in the early adulthood is not only a continuation of adolescence, but also has a profound influence on the more mature social interaction in the future. The communication of college students will also face all kinds of difficult forms. Whether it is learning mutual aid, scientific research cooperation or the unique college dormitory culture, they all need the balance of individual interests and collective interests. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the cooperative behavior of college students in the social predicament. We create some kind of virtual social dilemma situation through the method of laboratory research, and through two experiments we study the influence of the equal number of violations on the cooperative behavior of people in the social dilemma. And the psychological and behavioral responses of people with different levels and different social value orientations in the face of equality violation and equality violation. Experiment two changes the specific decision rules on the basis of experiment 1 and improves the conflict level of social predicament. Through the statistical analysis of the experimental data, the main conclusions are as follows: 1) in the social predicament, the information feedback of group members violating equality will affect the level of cooperation in the subsequent group decision making, and the level of cooperation will be significantly reduced after the violation of equality. Compared with the low number of equal violations, the group members with more equal violations had higher internal attribution to the group decision-making results. (2) in the difficult social situation, the level of cooperation of the people with pro-social value orientation is higher than that of other value orientations. However, this level of cooperation in the level of difference after the violation of equality does not exist. Compared with other value orientations, pro-social value-oriented people expect higher level of cooperation with others. In the difficult social situation, the level of collective efficacy of people with pro-social value orientation is significantly higher than that of other value orientations, whether before or after the violation of equality. (3) the group members with a large number of violations experienced stronger negative emotions than those with fewer violations of parity, and in the face of the violation of equality, compared with those of other types of value orientation, Pro-social people experience higher positive emotions and lower negative emotions.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.3

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