社会认同威胁对信任水平的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 01:17

本文选题：社会认同威胁 + 信任　；参考：《西南大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：信任是人们对情境的一种反应,它是由情境刺激决定的个体心理和行为,是个体对某件事情可能要发生而产生的一种心理预期及采取的相应行动。信任是一个不稳定的变量,个体的信任水平会随着情境的改变而改变。这种情景之一就是社会认同威胁。社会认同理论认为个体不仅想要获得积极的个人认同,也尽力想得到积极的社会认同,当这种需要不能满足时,便会产生社会认同威胁(Ellemers, Spears, Doosje,2002)。社会认同威胁是指,个体通过与外群体相比较,不能得到肯定、积极的评价,无法确定自己处于一定的社会群体、社会类别或社会范畴,对个体产生的威胁(Tajfel, Turner,1986)。社会认同威胁主要包括两种类型的威胁：价值性威胁和独特性威胁。价值性威胁是指内群体价值被诋毁对个体社会认同造成的威胁,例如个体所属群体被低估、与外群体相比处于劣势等。独特性威胁是指外群体与内群体差异对个体社会认同造成的威胁。当群体中的个体感受到社会认同威胁时,他们的认知、情感会发生变化,会产生一种心理上的疏离感、剥夺感以及自卑感。信任是由情境刺激决定的个体心理和行为,信任也会受到社会认同威胁的影响。刘华研究发现,社会认同威胁会显著影响个体的信任水平。当群体中的个体受到来自外群体的社会认同威胁时,他们对内群体的信任水平会显著的上升,而对外群体的信任水平会显著的下降。 Branscombe研究发现,并不是所有内群体成员对社会认同威胁的反应都一致的。群体成员的反应与他们对此群体的社会认同程度有关。当群体成员受到来自外群体的认同威胁时,低社会认同者将会通过“表明从内群体分离的态度、更多以个体身份而不是群体成员身份”这样的方式来抵抗威胁,而高社会认同的群体成员会企图捍卫这个群体的整体性,通过其群体成员身份来抵抗威胁。Jetten (?)研究表明：当所属群体的声誉受损时,认同群体的成员会更加肯定群体重视的价值,而不认同群体的成员,则可能背弃群体的宗旨。新近的研究也发现,个体差异会影响人们面对社会认同威胁时的表现方式,这种差异就包括个体对特定群体的认同强度差异。这些研究充分证明社会认同强度不同的个体对社会认同威胁的反应是不一致的。社会认同会作为前因变量对社会认同威胁的影响过程产生作用。刘华的研究探讨了社会认同威胁对信任的影响,却没有进一步考察社会认同作为一个可能的前因变量对这一过程的影响作用。因此,本研究引入社会认同这一新变量试图进一步探讨社会认同威胁对信任水平的影响作用。本研究在前人研究的基础上,设置不同的认同威胁情景来考察社会认同威胁对信任水平的影响,同时考察了社会认同在威胁和信任之间的调节作用。实验一我们采用群体边界开放的学校为群体单位,操作了价值威胁情景和独特威胁情景来进行研究。结果表明：无论是否受到社会认同威胁,被试对内群体的信任水平均显著高于对外群体的信任水平；社会认同威胁、显著影响被试对内群体的信任水平,而对被试对外群体的信任水平没有显著的影响；社会认同显著调节社会认同威胁对信任水平的影响。研究一中采用的边界开放的学校群体,因此研究二采用边界密闭的群体,选取北方人和南方人两个群体,进一步考察社会认同威胁对信任水平的具体影响。结果表明：无论是否受到社会认同威胁,被试对内群体的信任水平均显著高于对外群体的信任水平；社会认同威胁显著影响被试的信任水平；社会认同的调节作用不显著。实验一、二结果表明,无论是否受到社会认同威胁,被试对内群体的信任水平均显著的高于对外群体的信任水平；社会认同威胁对信任水平具有显著的影响作用；在群体边界开放的群体中,社会认同显著调节社会认同威胁对信任水平的影响,而在群体边界密闭的群体中社会认同的调节作用不显著。
[Abstract]:Trust is a reaction to the situation. It is the individual psychology and behavior determined by the situation. It is a psychological expectation and the corresponding action that the individual may have to happen to a certain thing. Trust is an unstable variable, and the level of trust of the individual will change with the situation. One of the situations is Social identity threats. The theory of social identity believes that individuals not only want to get positive personal identity, but also try to get positive social identity. When such needs are not satisfied, social identity threats (Ellemers, Spears, Doosje, 2002). Social identity threat is that individuals can not be affirmed by comparison with the outside group. Positive evaluation can not determine the threat to the individual in a certain social group, social category or social category (Tajfel, Turner, 1986). The threat of social identity mainly includes two types of threats: value threat and unique threat. Value threat refers to the individual social identity caused by the discredit of the value of the internal group. Threats, such as the undervaluation of the individual group, are inferior to the outside group. The unique threat refers to the threat to the individual social identity caused by the difference between the external and the internal groups.
When the individuals in the group feel the threat of social identity, their cognition and emotion will change, which produces a psychological alienation, a sense of deprivation and a sense of inferiority. Trust is the individual psychology and behavior determined by the situation stimulus. Trust will also be influenced by the threat of social identity. Liu Hua research finds that the threat of social identity is significant. When the individuals in the group are threatened by the social identity from the outside group, the level of their trust in the internal group will rise significantly, while the level of the trust of the foreign groups will decrease significantly.
The Branscombe study found that not all members of the internal group respond to the threat of social identity. The response of the members of the group is related to the degree of social identity of the group. The individual identity rather than the group membership will resist the threat, and the group members of the high social identity will attempt to defend the integrity of the group and resist the threat of the threat.Jetten through its group membership, which indicates that members of the group will be more affirmed when the reputation of the group is damaged. Value, but not members of the group, may dismiss the purpose of the group. Recent studies have also found that individual differences affect the way people face social identity threats, which include individual differences in identity to specific groups. These studies fully demonstrate that individuals with different social identity intensity have a social identity. The response of the threat is inconsistent. Social identity will act as an antecedent variable on the impact of social identity threats. Liu Hua's study explored the impact of social identity threats on trust, but did not further examine the impact of social identity as a possible antecedent variable. Therefore, this study introduced the society. This new variable will be recognized as an attempt to further explore the impact of social identity threat on trust level.
On the basis of previous studies, this study sets up different identity threat scenarios to examine the impact of social identity threats on the level of trust. At the same time, we examine the role of social identity in the regulation between threats and trust. The results show that the level of trust in the internal group is significantly higher than that of the external group, whether or not it is threatened by social identity; the social identity threat significantly affects the level of trust of the subjects on the internal group, but has no significant influence on the level of trust of the external groups; the social identity is significantly adjusted. The impact of social identity threats on the level of trust.
In the study of the school group in the first part of the study, the study two used the border closed group to select the northerners and two southerners to further investigate the impact of the social identity threat on the level of trust. The level of trust of external group; social identity threat significantly affected the trust level of subjects; the moderating effect of social identity was not significant.
The results of experiment one and two show that, whether or not they are threatened by social identity, the level of trust in the group is significantly higher than that of the external group; the threat of social identity has a significant impact on the level of trust; in the group with open population boundaries, social identity regulates the level of social identity threats to the level of trust significantly. However, the moderating effect of social identity is not significant in group boundary closed groups.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C912.6

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