当代西方社会学的日常生活转向及其方法论意义

发布时间：2018-05-25 14:25

本文选题：学术史研究 + 日常生活　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪哲学的日常生活转向是引导人文社会科学研究的一个标志。在意识到日常生活遭到科技理性的俘虏以及异化时,哲学界从多方面开展日常生活批判。其主要关注点是生活世界、语言形式、在的意义等,他们以“否定”、“批判”的口吻指出,要扬弃一个旧世界,开辟一个“为我们而存在”的新世界。日常生活是社会学研究的基本经验背景,根据其在社会学史上的发展逻辑和理论构造,日常生活研究在可划分为缺位、失落以及本体三个阶段。在缺位-边缘化阶段,实证主义、功能主义、客观主义等学术流派占据主导地位,研究主要集中于社会秩序和社会结构上,追求事物的内在本质是这一阶段的研究特征,日常生活处于被埋没和隐匿的地位,显示不出重要的社会价值和意义；在失落-零碎化阶段,日常生活试图摆脱“社会本质论”的束缚,开始向日常理解、日常交往等微观领域迈进,强调日常生活的过程性、流动性、可理解性,日常生活在系统结构论的背景下寻找发展生机；在兴起-本体化阶段,日常生活开始作为“主角”身份登上社会学的舞台发挥作用,其本体性特征在社会学研究中逐渐突显,日常生活被视为社会第一实在,日常经验现象、实践逻辑、连续性在场等方面不同程度地得到分析和扩展。在此背景下,针对日常生活的方法论讨论和研究呈现多元化态势。传统上的一元论或二元对立论已经淡出当代社会学研究,越来越强调关系论或者二元互构论,微观主体参与的日常实践和交往得到重视,主张主体策略基础上的过程和结构相结合的研究方式,在当代社会学中很难找到试图用单一方法构建日常生活理论。
[Abstract]:The daily life turn of Philosophy in twentieth Century is a sign to guide the study of Humanities and social sciences. In realizing that daily life is captured and alienated by scientific and technological reason, philosophical circles criticize daily life in many ways. The main focus is the life world, language form, meaning, and so on. They "negate" and "criticize". The tone points out that we should discard an old world and open up a new world for us.
Daily life is the basic experience background of sociological research. According to its development logic and theoretical structure in the history of sociology, the study of daily life can be divided into three stages: vacancy, loss and ontology. In the stage of absence and marginalization, the academic schools of positivism, functionalism and objectivity are dominated by academic schools. In the social order and social structure, the intrinsic essence of the pursuit of things is the research feature of this stage. The daily life is in the position of being buried and concealed, which shows no important social value and significance. In the phase of loss and fragmentary, daily life tries to get rid of the shackles of "social quality theory", and begins to daily understanding and daily communication. In the micro field, it emphasizes the process, fluidity and comprehensibility of daily life. The daily life is looking for the development of life in the background of the system structure theory. In the rise and the noumenal phase, daily life begins to play the role of the stage as the "protagonist" on the stage of Sociology, and its ontological characteristics are gradually highlighted in the study of sociology. Ordinary life is regarded as the first reality of society. It is analyzed and expanded to some extent in terms of daily experience, practice logic and continuity.
Under this background, the discussion and Research on the methodology of daily life are diversified. The traditional monism or two yuan theory has gone out of the study of contemporary sociology, and more and more emphasis on the relationship theory or the two yuan mutual construction theory, the daily practice and communication of the micro body participation, and the process and the conclusion on the basis of the main strategy. In the contemporary sociology, it is difficult to find a way to construct the theory of everyday life with a single method.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C91-06

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