我国城市社区自治中居民参与研究

发布时间：2018-11-19 12:27

【摘要】：城市社区自治是在党的领导下、在国家法律规定范围内,不需要外部力量的强制性干预,社区内各种利益相关者包括居民、企事业单位等通过民主协商来合作处理社区公共事务,并使社区进入“自我教育、自我管理、自我服务、自我约束”的运行状态,致力于把社区建设成为社会主义和谐社会下的文明、团结、祥和、有序的居民生活社区。以城市为视角的社区民主自治建设,关系到国家政治体制的完善,是稳步发展社会主义和谐社会必不可少的重要组成部分。城市社区自治的对象是社区公共事务,社区自治主体是社区内的全体居民,社区自治的基础在于协调参与者之间的权利关系建立民主协商机制。社区参与是指社区居民或社区组织直接或间接的加入到社区的公共事务的管理和社区发展中去的行为,社区居民参与包括参与主体、参与客体和参与途径。本文概括的说是从以下几个方面对城市社区自治和居民参与进行研究的。首先,是对城市社区自治和居民参与的概念分析,社区建设的主要发展手段是民主自治,而民主自治的形成和完善离不开社区居民的广泛参与,社区自治和居民参与的关系是本文研究的立足点。其次,对我国城市社区发展历程中居民参与状况的总结,以及取得的成就。第三,从参与意愿、参与程度和参与渠道三个方面探讨我国城市社区自治中居民参与的问题。参与意愿表现为理性认知水平高,情感认同程度低；参与程度是从参与率和参与方式的角度进行分析的；参与渠道着手于议事层和执行层的实际运行情况。对上述问题,本文从自治权和自治主体两个角度分析了问题形成的原因。最后,借鉴美国社区建设的经验同时,分别从体制和机制的层面对目前城市社区自治中居民参与的问题提出了相应的建议和对策。体制方面包括撤销街道办事处、设立民情接待日、居民论坛和完善法律体系；机制方面包括对社区居民参与意识的培养、加强社区服务建设和激励居民参与等。只有有效的居民参与才能促进城市社区自治的健康发展以及和谐社会的构建。
[Abstract]:Urban community autonomy is under the leadership of the Party, within the scope of the state laws, there is no need for outside force of mandatory intervention, the community of various stakeholders including residents, Enterprises and institutions cooperate in handling community public affairs through democratic consultation, and enable the community to enter a state of "self-education, self-management, self-service, self-restraint". Committed to the construction of the community under the socialist harmonious society civilization, unity, peace, order residents live in the community. The construction of community democratic autonomy from the perspective of city is related to the perfection of national political system and is an essential part of the steady development of socialist harmonious society. The object of urban community autonomy is community public affairs, and the subject of community autonomy is all residents of the community. The foundation of community autonomy is to coordinate the right relationship among participants and establish democratic consultation mechanism. Community participation refers to the behavior that community residents or community organizations directly or indirectly participate in the management of community public affairs and community development. Community residents' participation includes participation subject, participation object and participation path. This paper summarizes the study of urban community autonomy and resident participation from the following aspects. First of all, it analyzes the concept of urban community autonomy and residents' participation. The main development means of community construction is democratic autonomy, and the formation and improvement of democratic autonomy can not be separated from the extensive participation of community residents. The relationship between community autonomy and resident participation is the foothold of this paper. Secondly, the paper summarizes the status of residents' participation in the development of urban communities in China, as well as the achievements. Third, the participation of residents in urban community autonomy in China is discussed from three aspects: willingness to participate, degree of participation and channels of participation. The willingness to participate is characterized by high level of rational cognition and low level of emotional identity; participation level is analyzed from the angle of participation rate and participation mode; participation channel starts from the actual operation of the deliberative and executive layers. In view of the above problems, this paper analyzes the causes of the problems from the perspectives of autonomy and autonomy. Finally, using the experience of American community construction for reference, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions and countermeasures from the aspect of system and mechanism to the problem of residents' participation in urban community autonomy at present. The institutional aspects include the abolition of neighborhood offices, the establishment of reception days for the people, the residents' forum and the improvement of the legal system; the institutional aspects include the cultivation of community residents' participation awareness, the strengthening of community service construction and the encouragement of residents' participation, etc. Only effective resident participation can promote the healthy development of urban community autonomy and the construction of a harmonious society.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C916

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