城市老年人养护模式选择及其生活质量的现状分析与对策研究

发布时间：2019-01-23 15:40

【摘要】：目的调查与分析城市老年人养护模式选择和生活质量现状,了解老年人生活状态和养护需求,探索影响他们生活质量的不利因素并提出可行的对策。为我国老年养护事业的发展提供科学依据与参考,以加快解决我国老龄化问题的进程。方法2014年10月1日~11月23日,通过主观便利抽样的方法对居住在辽宁省锦州市古塔区、凌河区的725位老人展开问卷调查。运用城市老年人一般信息调查问卷、老年人日常的生活活动能力(Activity of Daily Living Scale,ADLs)量表、简明健康状况调查表(The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey,SF-36)对老年人养护模式选择和生活质量现状进行调查,分析其影响因素以及比较养护模式不同的老年人在基本养老情况、生活质量和养护需求等方面的差异。采用SPSS19.0统计学软件包处理收集的信息和数据。本研究应用了描述性统计学分析、χ2检验、二分类logistic回归分析、t检验、方差分析、Spearman秩相关性检验、Mann-Whitney秩和检验等医学统计学方法对数据进行处理和分析。检验水准α=0.05,以P0.05有统计学意义。结果1、共发放725份问卷,全部回收,有效问卷706份,有效回收率97.38%。家庭养护老年人数量348人(占49.29%),机构养护老年人数量358人(占50.71%)。2、老年人选择家庭与机构养护模式的影响因素主要包括年龄、患病数量、自理能力、月收入、经济状况、配偶情况、子女数量、社交活动、兴趣爱好、和家人感情状况(P0.05)。3、对老年人生活质量产生显著影响的相关性因素主要有年龄、配偶情况、和家人感情状况、月收入、经济状况、患病数量、自理能力、兴趣爱好、社交活动、文化程度(P0.05)。4、家庭养护模式下老年人生活质量为67.68±32.05,机构养护模式下老年人生活质量为43.64±32.20。5、家庭养护模式下老年人生活照料的秩均值为277.58、医疗护理需求秩均值为282.15、精神文化需求秩均值为398.77;机构养护模式下老年人生活照料的秩均值为427.29、医疗护理需求秩均值为422.86、精神文化需求秩均值为309.49。结论锦州市老年养护模式的发展相对缓慢,现有的养护模式尚不完善,家庭养护仍然是其主要的养护模式,养护效果明显优于机构养护。养护机构和养护服务的发展仍处于较低水平,难以满足老年人日益增长的现实需求,对提高老人生活质量造成了不利的影响。应该加强贯彻实施国家养老产业改革政策方针,完善现有的养护模式,重视养老机构的发展,丰富养老服务内容,改善养老现状。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate and analyze the choice of conservation mode and the present situation of quality of life of the elderly in cities, to understand their living conditions and maintenance needs, to explore the unfavorable factors affecting their quality of life and to put forward feasible countermeasures. It provides the scientific basis and reference for the development of the aged conservation cause in our country, in order to speed up the process of solving the aging problem in our country. Methods from October 1 to November 23, 2014, 725 elderly people living in Guta District, Jinzhou City, Liaoning Province were investigated by subjective convenience sampling. Using the questionnaire of general information of the elderly in cities, the (Activity of Daily Living Scale,ADLs) scale of the activity of daily life of the elderly, and the (The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, of the health status of the elderly, a concise questionnaire is given. SF-36) to investigate the status quo of nursing mode selection and quality of life of the elderly, and to analyze its influencing factors and the differences in basic old-age situation, quality of life and maintenance demand of the elderly with different conservation modes. SPSS19.0 statistical software package was used to process the collected information and data. In this study, descriptive statistical analysis, 蠂 2 test, binary logistic regression analysis, t test, variance analysis, Spearman rank correlation test, Mann-Whitney rank sum test and other medical statistical methods were used to process and analyze the data. Test level 伪 = 0.05, with P0.05 statistical significance. Results 1. A total of 725 questionnaires were distributed, all of them were collected, 706 valid questionnaires, and the effective recovery rate was 97.38. 348 elderly people (49.29%) in family care and 358 (50.71%) in institutional care. 2. The main factors influencing the elderly's choice of family and institutional care model include age, number of diseases, ability to take care of themselves. Monthly income, economic status, spouse status, number of children, social activities, hobbies, and family emotional status (P0.05). 3. The main factors that have a significant impact on the quality of life of the elderly are age and spouse. And family emotional status, monthly income, economic status, number of illness, self-care ability, hobbies, social activities, education level (P0.05). 4. The quality of life of the elderly in the family care mode was 67.68 卤32.05. The quality of life was 43.64 卤32.20.5 in institutional care mode, 277.58 in family care mode, 282.15 in medical care demand and 398.77 in spiritual and cultural needs. The average rank of life care was 427.29, the rank of medical care was 422.86, and the average of spiritual and cultural needs was 309.49. Conclusion the development of the old age conservation model in Jinzhou is relatively slow, the existing conservation model is not perfect, the family conservation is still the main conservation mode, and the maintenance effect is obviously better than that of the institutional conservation. The development of conservation institutions and conservation services is still at a low level, which is difficult to meet the growing needs of the elderly and has a negative impact on the improvement of the quality of life of the elderly. We should carry out the policy of national old-age industry reform, perfect the existing maintenance mode, attach importance to the development of pension institutions, enrich the contents of pension services, and improve the present situation of old-age care.
【学位授予单位】：锦州医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：C913.6

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