安康市灾害移民的社会资本及其效用

发布时间：2019-03-03 17:47

【摘要】：近几年西部地区重大灾害的频发加剧了移民搬迁活动，饱受自然灾害影响的陕西也因“7·18”重大灾害而启动了新中国历史上规模最大的移民搬迁工程。移民涉及社区重建、灾后恢复和开启新生活等方面，引起了社会各界的广泛关注。社会学对灾害的研究由来已久，自社会资本研究引入以来，“社会网络”与“社会资本”等社会结构因素在灾后中的作用日益受到关注。社会资本自提出以来形成了众多理论流派，大体而言呈现出两大阵营的对立：微观或个体视角偏向于社会关系网络；而宏观或集体视角注重信任、规范与社会参与。这两种取向分别发展出了各自的理论体系与测量方法，并得到了广泛应用。社会资本在引入中国后，以边燕杰等为代表的学者对其本土化研究做出了很大贡献，尤其表现在测量方法上，如以拜年网、餐饮网等测量个体层次，以及用量表测量信任、公共参与等测量集体层次，并普遍应用于大型社会调查中。目前从社会资本的视角研究移民的文献主要针对地震移民，而关注陕西移民的研究非常少见。本文试图以陕西安康市为例，采用社会资本的视角对陕南地区的灾害移民做探索性研究。文章简要回顾了社会学领域对社会资本理论做出主要贡献的几位理论家及其观点，并以社会资本本土化的测量方法在陕南安康市的移民社区进行了小规模抽样调查，探讨搬迁后移民社会资本的状况及其对灾后重建与恢复的效用。分析发现，政治身份、职业和受教育程度对移民个体层面的社会资本具有显著影响，而它们对宏观社会资本的影响并不一致：党员身份、好的职业及高学历更有利于灾害移民摄取好的社会资源，以及更高的制度信任，而更高的收入有助于提高其公共信任和社会凝聚力。另外，微观和宏观层面社会资本的部分指标对灾后的恢复与重建发挥了显著作用，，因此两者缺一不可，其中，制度信任影响最显著，显示出以政府为主导的制度力量在赈灾过程中的重要作用。研究建议移民增强职业多元化以弥补强关系网络造成的资源冗余，而当地政府也亟需重塑信任和培育社区力量以加强宏观社会资本。本文分为5大部分：第一章导论部分介绍研究的目的、意义、方法和思路；第二章是综述部分，明晰了社会资本与灾害移民的核心概念、理论与测量，并评述了相关研究；第三章和第四章是研究的主题，探讨了安康市灾害移民的社会资本及其效用；最后一部分进行总结与讨论。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the frequent occurrence of major disasters in the western region has intensified the migration activities, and Shaanxi Province, affected by natural disasters, has also launched the largest resettlement project in the history of New China due to the "July 18" major disaster. Immigrants involved in community reconstruction, disaster recovery and start a new life and other aspects, has attracted wide attention from all walks of life. Since the study of social capital was introduced, social structural factors such as "social network" and "social capital" have been paid more and more attention to in the post-disaster period. Since it was put forward, social capital has formed many theoretical schools, generally speaking, there are two opposing camps: the micro or individual perspective is biased towards the social network, while the macro or collective perspective emphasizes trust, norms and social participation. These two orientations have developed their respective theoretical systems and measurement methods, and have been widely used. After the introduction of social capital into China, scholars such as Bian Yanjie and others have made great contributions to its localization research, especially in the measurement methods, such as the measurement of individual level with New year's net, catering net and so on, as well as the measurement of trust with the dosage meter. Public participation and other measures at the collective level, and widely used in large-scale social surveys. At present, the literature on emigration from the perspective of social capital mainly focuses on earthquake migration, but it is very rare to pay attention to Shaanxi migration. Taking Ankang, Shaanxi Province as an example, this paper attempts to make an exploratory study on disaster migration in southern Shaanxi from the perspective of social capital. This paper briefly reviews several theorists and their views who have made major contributions to the theory of social capital in the field of sociology, and conducts a small-scale sampling survey in the immigrant communities in Ankang, southern Shaanxi, by means of the measurement method of localization of social capital. To explore the status of social capital of immigrants after relocation and its effect on post-disaster reconstruction and recovery. The analysis found that political identity, occupation and education had a significant impact on social capital at the individual level of immigrants, but their impact on macro-social capital was not the same: membership status, Good occupation and high education are more favorable for disaster migrants to absorb good social resources, and higher institutional trust, while higher income helps to increase their public trust and social cohesion. In addition, some indicators of social capital at the micro and macro levels have played a significant role in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, so they are indispensable, among which, institutional trust has the most significant impact. It shows that the government-led institutional forces play an important role in the disaster relief process. The study suggests that immigrants should strengthen job diversification to compensate for resource redundancy caused by strong networks, while local governments need to rebuild trust and foster community strength to strengthen macro-social capital. This paper is divided into five parts: the first chapter introduces the purpose, significance, method and train of thought of the research; the second chapter is the summary part, which clarifies the core concept, theory and measurement of social capital and disaster migration, and comments on the related research; The third and fourth chapters are the main topics of the study, discussing the social capital and its utility of the disaster migrants in Ankang, and the last part is the summary and discussion.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D632.4;C912.3

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