以流动儿童需求为导向的社会工作服务设计探析

发布时间：2019-03-13 07:49

【摘要】：自20世纪90年代以来,我国人口流动形式开始发展转变,由原来的分散型、跑单帮的流动形式逐渐转变为家庭型的流动形式,且流动的形式不再以“独身外出”为主,而更多的人倾向于“举家迁徙”的流动形式。在流动人口中,“家庭化”趋势越来越明显,而流动儿童的规模也在逐渐扩大。同时,居无定所的流动特征也会在一定程度上影响着流动儿童的健康成长,其中包括生理因素和心理因素等不同的方面,这就成为了一个需要引起全社会高度关注的问题。社会工作服务也是一种公共服务产品,是现代社会中促进个体发展、维护群体利益、调整社会矛盾的社会福利服务。在社会工作服务领域借用经济学需求导向理论和逻辑,旨在说明服务需求与服务提供之间的关系,明确社会工作服务的指向性和服务目标,并为社会工作成效的评估打下基础。本文主要通过研究一线社工服务的开展来说明如何在流动儿童社会工作领域找到案主需求,如何运用社工理论和工作方法来设计服务,如何将社工元素融入需求满足。从实务角度尽量体现需求调查和服务开展之间的关系,并呈现根据需求来开展一线服务的一般过程和考虑因素。本文从需求调查开始,逐步论述整体服务规划、特定服务设计、服务评估反思等内容,以流动儿童需求为主线,以乌鲁木齐市大湾西社区学校为实例,综合和反思社工服务经验,说明运用需求导向逻辑来保持社会工作服务的先进性、有效性和可评估的优势,使社工服务成为既贴近服务对象又具有明确价值的社会福利服务。
[Abstract]:Since the 90s of the 20th century, the form of population mobility has begun to develop and change in China, from the original decentralized type, the flow form of running a single gang gradually to the family type of flow form, and the flow form is no longer dominated by "going out alone". And more people tend to "family migration" of the flow form. In the floating population, the trend of "family" is more and more obvious, and the scale of floating children is gradually expanding. At the same time, the characteristics of floating places will also affect the healthy growth of migrant children to a certain extent, including physiological and psychological factors and other aspects, which has become a problem that needs to be paid close attention to by the whole society. Social work service is also a kind of public service product. It is a social welfare service which promotes individual development, protects group interests and adjusts social contradictions in modern society. In the field of social work service, the purpose of this paper is to explain the relationship between service demand and service provision by means of economic demand-oriented theory and logic, to clarify the direction and goal of social work service, and to lay a foundation for evaluating the effectiveness of social work. This paper mainly studies the development of front-line social work services to explain how to find the main needs of mobile children in the field of social work, how to use social work theory and working methods to design services, how to integrate the elements of social workers into the needs to meet the needs. From the point of view of practice, the relationship between demand survey and service development is reflected, and the general process and consideration of developing first-line service according to demand are presented. Starting from the demand survey, this paper discusses the overall service planning, specific service design, service evaluation and reflection, etc., taking the needs of floating children as the main line and taking the Dawan West Community School in Urumqi as an example. By integrating and reflecting the experience of social work service, it is shown that the demand-oriented logic is used to maintain the advanced nature, effectiveness and evaluable advantage of social work service, and make social work service become a social welfare service which is close to the service object and has definite value.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：C916

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