“专家信任”及其重建策略:一项实证研究
发布时间：2019-05-30 03:41
【摘要】：专家是"社会良心",专家信任是社会信任的最后一道屏障。为考察我国专家信任的现状、影响因素并探索重建策略,本文进行了实证研究。调查发现:在"公众理解科学"方面,公众已经认识到科学的可错性、条件依赖性和局限性;在科技信息传播方面,新媒体取代传统媒体成为公众获取科技信息的首要渠道,而地区经济发达程度与公众对科技信息和专家的信任程度相关。公众并不信任专家,但陷入了不信任却又不得不信任的"豪猪困境",专家则面临着"无论说什么、无论怎么说,公众都不信"的"专家塔西佗陷阱"。"人格信任"走向"系统信任"的时代背景规定了这一"豪猪困境"和"专家塔西佗陷阱"的基本特征;二者相互作用,其溢出效应将导致更大范围的社会危机。消除"利益关联"是专家获取信任的关键因素,强化专家与公众之间常规的直接互动、提高传媒准门槛、规范新媒体报道等,有助于建构一个开放、透明、风险共担的"命运共同体",有助于"豪猪困境"、"专家塔西佗陷阱"的突破和专家信任的重建。
[Abstract]:Experts are "social conscience", and expert trust is the last barrier to social trust. In order to investigate the present situation and influencing factors of expert trust in China and explore the reconstruction strategy, this paper makes an empirical study. It is found that in the aspect of "public understanding of science", the public has realized the error, conditional dependence and limitation of science. In the aspect of scientific and technological information dissemination, new media has replaced the traditional media as the primary channel for the public to obtain scientific and technological information, and the degree of regional economic development is related to the degree of public trust in scientific and technological information and experts. The public does not trust experts, but is in a "porcupine dilemma" where they do not trust but have to trust. Experts face the "Tacitus trap" of "no matter what they say, no matter what they say". " The background of personality trust moving towards "system trust" defines the basic characteristics of this "porcupine dilemma" and "expert Tacitus trap", and the spillover effect of the two will lead to a wider social crisis. Eliminating the "relationship of interests" is the key factor for experts to gain trust, strengthen the conventional direct interaction between experts and the public, raise the quasi-threshold of the media, standardize new media reports, and so on, which is conducive to the construction of an open and transparent. The "community of shared destiny" is helpful to the breakthrough of "porcupine dilemma", the breakthrough of "expert Tacitus trap" and the reconstruction of expert trust.
【作者单位】： 浙江大学光华法学院;浙江大学科技与法律研究中心;东南大学哲学与科学系;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“科学精神、科学道德、科研伦理和学术规范的重塑和构建研究”(12JZD045) 国家社科基金青年项目“道德判断的实验哲学研究”(15CZX017) “浙江大学争创优秀博士学位论文资助”(201502)
【分类号】：C913
[Abstract]:Experts are "social conscience", and expert trust is the last barrier to social trust. In order to investigate the present situation and influencing factors of expert trust in China and explore the reconstruction strategy, this paper makes an empirical study. It is found that in the aspect of "public understanding of science", the public has realized the error, conditional dependence and limitation of science. In the aspect of scientific and technological information dissemination, new media has replaced the traditional media as the primary channel for the public to obtain scientific and technological information, and the degree of regional economic development is related to the degree of public trust in scientific and technological information and experts. The public does not trust experts, but is in a "porcupine dilemma" where they do not trust but have to trust. Experts face the "Tacitus trap" of "no matter what they say, no matter what they say". " The background of personality trust moving towards "system trust" defines the basic characteristics of this "porcupine dilemma" and "expert Tacitus trap", and the spillover effect of the two will lead to a wider social crisis. Eliminating the "relationship of interests" is the key factor for experts to gain trust, strengthen the conventional direct interaction between experts and the public, raise the quasi-threshold of the media, standardize new media reports, and so on, which is conducive to the construction of an open and transparent. The "community of shared destiny" is helpful to the breakthrough of "porcupine dilemma", the breakthrough of "expert Tacitus trap" and the reconstruction of expert trust.
【作者单位】： 浙江大学光华法学院;浙江大学科技与法律研究中心;东南大学哲学与科学系;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“科学精神、科学道德、科研伦理和学术规范的重塑和构建研究”(12JZD045) 国家社科基金青年项目“道德判断的实验哲学研究”(15CZX017) “浙江大学争创优秀博士学位论文资助”(201502)
【分类号】：C913
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