城市老年人的孤独感与社会支持的增龄性变化及影响因素

发布时间：2019-06-07 11:19

【摘要】：目的调查城市老年人的孤独感、社会支持及影响因素。方法以整群取样法对某城市社区622名60岁以上的老年人进行一般资料、加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独感量表简版和领悟社会支持量表调查。结果 75~岁组老年人的孤独感评分最低,80~岁组孤独感评分最高。家庭外支持在75~岁以后显著降低,社会支持总分和家庭内支持分80~岁组最低。经济状况很好组的孤独感最高,经济状况较好组的家庭内支持最高。离异组的孤独感得分最高,丧偶组的社会支持总分和家庭内支持低。健康状况一般和较差的老年人孤独感高,且家庭外支持低。老年人的孤独感与家庭收入低、婚姻状况差和健康状况不佳呈显著正相关,与社会支持呈显著负相关。性别、年龄、收入、健康状况、家庭内和家庭外支持对孤独感具有显著的预测作用。结论城市老年人的孤独感和社会支持呈现增龄性变化;老年人的孤独感与家庭收入、婚姻状态、健康状况和社会支持具有相关性。年龄、性别、家庭收入、健康状况和社会支持是老年人孤独感的预测因子。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the loneliness, social support and influencing factors of urban elderly. Methods the general data of 622 elderly over 60 years old in a urban community were investigated by cluster sampling, a brief version of the loneliness scale and the perceived social support scale at the University of California, Los Angeles. Results the score of loneliness was the lowest in the 75-year-old group and the highest in the 80-year-old group. Family support decreased significantly after 75 years of age, and the total score of social support and intra-family support were the lowest in the 80-year-old group. The group with good financial condition had the highest sense of loneliness, and the group with better financial condition had the highest family support. The score of loneliness was the highest in the divorced group, while the total score of social support and intra-family support in the widowed group were low. Elderly people with general health and poor health have a high sense of loneliness and low support outside the family. Loneliness of the elderly was positively correlated with low family income, poor marital status and poor health, and negatively correlated with social support. Gender, age, income, health status, intra-family and out-of-family support have significant predictive effects on loneliness. Conclusion the loneliness and social support of the urban elderly show aging changes, and the loneliness of the elderly is correlated with family income, marital status, health status and social support. Age, gender, family income, health status and social support are predictors of loneliness in the elderly.
【作者单位】：山东大学基础医学院医学心理学与伦理学系;山东大学公共卫生学院;山东大学体育学院;
【基金】：科技部基础性工作专项(2015FY111600)
【分类号】：C912.3;C913.6

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