人力资本失灵与马太效应:教育对职业分层的两极分化

发布时间：2019-07-23 05:45

【摘要】：文章通过对中国社会状况综合调查CSS2011数据的统计分析,发现教育对于个人在工资收入水平、职业类别选择和工作职位晋升三方面的职业地位获得都有促进作用,并在高等教育阶段呈现出跨越式提升,因此是否具有高等教育学历成为个人职业地位发展的分水岭。在获得高等教育学历的人群中职业地位层级高、增速快,而在未获得高等教育学历的基础教育学历人群中,工资、职业、职位普遍水平低、增速慢,所以,本研究认为中国的学历教育对个人职业地位的影响并不是线性的、连续的,而是具有分水岭的阶段性特征。教育作为人力资本在高等学历人群中具有优势积累功能,而在没有接受高等教育的人群中学历变化对职业地位的影响相对不够明显,这也回答了学界关于教育性人力资本"马太效应"和"人力资本失灵"两种相反观点并存的原因。
[Abstract]:Based on the statistical analysis of CSS2011 data from a comprehensive survey of social conditions in China, this paper finds that education plays an important role in promoting the professional status of individuals in three aspects: wage income level, occupational category selection and job promotion, and presents a leap-forward promotion in the stage of higher education, so whether or not higher education has become a watershed in the development of personal professional status. Among the people with higher education, the vocational status is high and the growth rate is fast, while among the people with basic education without higher education, the general level of salary, occupation and position is low and the growth rate is slow. therefore, this study holds that the influence of academic education on personal professional status in China is not linear and continuous, but has the stage characteristics of watershed. Education, as human capital, has the function of accumulating advantages among people with higher education, but the influence of educational change on professional status is relatively not obvious in those who do not receive higher education, which also answers the reasons for the coexistence of educational human capital "Matthew effect" and "human capital failure".
【作者单位】：华中师范大学心理学院;华中科技大学社会学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目“农民工随迁子女教育获得与城市融入研究”(13CSH036)的阶段性成果中南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项(CSY14004) 青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室(2014CO4)支持
【分类号】：C913.2

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