美国早期防扩散政策与美英苏禁止核试验谈判

发布时间：2018-01-09 15:25

本文关键词：美国早期防扩散政策与美英苏禁止核试验谈判　出处：《历史研究》2015年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为维持核垄断、防止核扩散、应对反核运动,艾森豪威尔政府参加了1958年到1960年美英苏三国禁止核试验会谈。美国把阻止"第四个国家"与美国外交政策中的反苏原则紧密结合起来,试图以禁止核试验条约为工具,在阻止"第四个国家"的同时,继续维持美国对苏冷战战略和技术优势。尽管彼此不信任,但出于对核武器扩散到"第四个国家"乃至更多国家的担心,三国没有中断会谈。U-2飞机事件使美苏不信任加剧。同时,美国实行选择性防扩散,向法国提供核技术援助,并准备把核共享扩大到整个北约欧洲国家。禁止核试验会谈遂无果而终。防扩散与美英苏政治军事利益结合在一起后,所谓阻止"第四个国家"问题逐渐被放弃并最终被选择性防扩散政策所取代,核扩散在所难免。
[Abstract]:In order to maintain nuclear monopoly and prevent nuclear proliferation, we should deal with the anti-nuclear campaign. The Eisenhower administration took part in the talks between 1958 and 1960 to ban nuclear tests between the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union. The United States closely linked the prevention of the "fourth nation" with the anti-Soviet principle in its foreign policy. While trying to use the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty as a tool to block the "fourth nation," the United States continues to maintain its Cold War strategic and technological superiority over the Soviet Union, despite its distrust of each other. However, because of concerns about the proliferation of nuclear weapons to the "fourth country," and even more, the three countries did not interrupt the talks. The U-2 plane incident increased the distrust between the United States and the Soviet Union. At the same time, the United States carried out selective non-proliferation. To provide nuclear technology assistance to France and to expand nuclear sharing to all NATO European countries. Talks on a nuclear test ban ended without success. Non-proliferation was combined with the political and military interests of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union. The so-called "fourth country" problem is gradually abandoned and eventually replaced by selective non-proliferation policies. Nuclear proliferation is inevitable.
【作者单位】：上海师范大学人文与传播学院;
【基金】：上海高校一流学科(B类)建设计划上海师范大学世界史规划项目研究成果的一部分
【分类号】：E712;K712.54;K512.55
【正文快照】： 1999年10月13日,美国参议院否决了被广泛认为有助于降低核军备竞赛和防止进一步核扩散,且经美国总统签署的《全面禁止核试验条约》。作为世界上核试验次数和拥有核武器数量最多的国家,美国的行为动摇了各国,尤其是无核武器国家对核裁军和防核扩散的信心,影响到作为整个防核扩

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