日军南京暴行与罗斯福的反应

发布时间：2018-03-04 17:13

本文选题：日本侵华战争　切入点：南京暴行　出处：《历史研究》2015年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：1937年9月下旬日军对南京地区的轰炸高潮后不久,罗斯福发表了著名的"隔离演说",暗示要对日本实行制裁。在"隔离演说"的鼓舞下,国联代表大会通过了谴责日本违反《九国公约》和《非战公约》条约义务的决议。"帕奈"号事件后,罗斯福以此为契机,制定了封锁日本、对日本实行禁运的战略。1938年1月,在收到反映日军暴行的电报后,罗斯福指示向媒体透露日军暴行,考虑冻结日本在美国的财产,试图以此扭转美国孤立主义的倾向。尽管罗斯福对日军暴行作出了反应,但在具体落实时却显得十分谨慎、拖延和克制,其主要原因是受到孤立主义思潮的制约、国会反对意见的影响,同时,影响美国民意的策略、罗斯福个人领导风格等也是重要的因素。美日最终走向战争的具体诱因之一是美国逐步对日本实行石油、废钢铁等物资的禁运及冻结日本在美国的资产,这实际上是罗斯福"隔离"战略的落实,而"隔离"战略的产生在很大程度上源于日本的侵华战争,特别是日军的南京暴行。
[Abstract]:Shortly after the Japanese bombing of Nanjing on late September 1937, Roosevelt made the famous "isolation speech," hinting at the imposition of sanctions on Japan. Encouraged by the "isolation speech," The Congress of the League of Nations adopted a resolution condemning Japan for violating its treaty obligations under the Convention of Nine and the Convention on Non-Warfare. After the "Panai" incident, Roosevelt took this opportunity to formulate a strategy for blockading Japan and imposing an embargo on Japan. January 1938, After receiving a telegram reflecting the atrocities of the Japanese military, Roosevelt instructed the media to disclose them and consider freezing Japanese property in the United States in an attempt to reverse the trend of American isolationism. However, when it comes to concrete implementation, it appears to be very cautious, procrastination and restraint. The main reason is that it is restricted by isolationism, influenced by the opposition of Congress, and at the same time, the tactics that influence the public opinion of the United States. Roosevelt's personal leadership style was also an important factor. One of the specific reasons that the United States and Japan eventually went to war was that the United States had gradually imposed an embargo on Japan on oil, scrap steel and other materials, and frozen Japan's assets in the United States. This was actually the implementation of Roosevelt's "isolation" strategy, which to a large extent resulted from Japan's war of aggression against China, especially the Japanese military's Nanjing atrocity.
【作者单位】：江苏省行政学院;江苏省社会科学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金一般项目“美国外交文件中的南京暴行研究”(11BZS041)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：K152

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