新考据派史家胡适、傅斯年的宋学观与方法论述评

发布时间：2018-07-11 14:58

本文选题：胡适 + 傅斯年　；参考：《史学理论研究》2017年02期

【摘要】：胡适、傅斯年运用进化史观,以现代科学方法论和史学观为依据对宋代学术加以研究和评判。胡适说,宋学的最大贡献是提出了"格物致知"的科学方法论,开启中国现代学术的先河,清学与之一脉相承;朱子是影响中国近代思想最大最深的思想家;宋代的功利主义思想有着积极意义。傅斯年推崇程朱理学的"道问学"及其科学性,认为清代朴学虽然攻击宋学,其学术立场与宋学实质上是相近的;朱子学在中国思想史上有承上启下的伟大贡献;宋代史学在史料考订与整理上取得重大成就,具有近代科学性,开创了近代中国史学。他们着力发掘宋学中的科学精神和方法论,以之作为中国学术现代转型的资源,体现了工具理性的价值观。但是,他们否认中国传统学术道德理性的价值及对中国现代学术构建的作用,是典型的唯科学主义和西方文化中心论,存在严重片面性和理论缺陷;他们倡导的历史进化观与马克思的唯物史观的历史主义也不能相提并论。客观认识他们学术方法论得失,对建构当代中国人文学术话语体系具有重要启示。
[Abstract]:Hu Shi and Fu Sinian studied and judged the learning of Song Dynasty on the basis of modern scientific methodology and historical view. According to Hu Shi, the greatest contribution of Song Dynasty is to put forward the scientific methodology of "knowledge from objects", to open the first course of modern Chinese learning, and to carry on the study of Qing Dynasty in the same vein, Zhu Zi is the greatest thinker who influenced the thought of modern China. The utilitarianism thought of Song Dynasty has positive significance. Fu Sinian praised Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism 's "Taoism" and its scientific nature, and thought that although the Qing Dynasty's simple study attacked Song school, its academic stand was similar to Song school in essence, Zhu Zi's thought history had great contribution in the history of Chinese thought. The historiography of the Song Dynasty made great achievements in the examination and collation of historical materials, which was scientific in modern times and created modern Chinese historiography. They explored the scientific spirit and methodology of Song Xuezhong as a resource of modern Chinese academic transformation and embodied the values of instrumental rationality. However, they deny that the value of Chinese traditional academic moral rationality and its effect on Chinese modern academic construction are typical scientism and western culture-centered theory, which have serious one-sidedness and theoretical defects. The historical evolution they advocated could not be compared with the historical materialism of Marx. Objective understanding of the gains and losses of their academic methodology has important implications for the construction of contemporary Chinese humanistic academic discourse system.
【作者单位】：上海财经大学人文学院历史系;
【分类号】：K092

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