东晋政治影响下的史学研究

发布时间：2018-08-15 14:12

【摘要】：东晋史学在中国古代史学发展的过程中占有很重要的地位,分析总结这一时期政治制度影响下的史官制度、政治环境影响下的史书编纂、政治思想影响下的史学观念是深入研究东晋史学的重要内容,对深化中国古代史学史研究具有重要意义。一、东晋政治制度影响下的史官制度,具体表现为修史机构的重建、著作局所设史官、史官的选任方式等三个方面。第一、在史官制度方面,东晋皇朝在总体上依然延续了西晋时期的史官制度,设著作局专掌修史。第二、在著作局中设立了著作郎、佐著作郎、著作令史三种史官掌管修史。第三、在史官的选拔和任用方面,出现了皇帝征召、官员举荐、他官兼职的三种方式,这三种方式都受到当时政治制度的影响,并且掌握在皇权的控制之下。二、东晋政治环境影响下的史书编纂,具体表现在巩固皇权促成的起居注撰述的普遍、内忧外患引发的皇朝史撰述的高潮、门阀政治导致的家史类撰述的兴盛、地方割据致使霸史类撰述的发展、释道流传影响的宗教史撰述的兴起等五个方面。第一、东晋时期,起居注进入了发展的黄金时期,成为皇权在史学上的附庸,对维护和巩固皇权起了重要的作用。第二、通过总结前朝史事,以资政道、宣扬本朝功绩,维护正统等诸多因素促成了皇朝史撰述出现高潮。第三、在东晋门阀政治的影响下,世家大族与史书的修撰密不可分,出现了家史类史书撰述的兴盛。第四、东晋十六国时期少数民族政权林立,直接促进了霸史类撰述的发展,为研究我国古代边疆地理、政治史、经济史、民族文化提供了宝贵的史料。第五、随着佛教的传入与道教的发展,宗教史籍的著述开始兴起,为东晋史书的编纂增添了新的内容。三、东晋政治思想影响下的史学观念,具体表现在为君权神授观念的盛行、皇朝正统观念的维护、皇朝盛衰观念的争鸣、君臣名教观念的申明、民族夷夏观念的阐述五个方面。第一、东晋史家通过史学著作极力宣扬君权神授观念,这对保持社会稳定,维护东晋统治都具有积极作用。第二、为了维护东晋皇朝的正统地位,东晋史家以新“五德终始”说为依据,提出了多种不同的观点,虽然他们的出发点不同,但他们都试图为东晋创造一种合理的正统理论。第三、在政治形势变幻莫测的东晋十六国时期,东晋统治者希望能从前朝的兴亡成败中总结原因,促使东晋史家纷纷对前朝的兴亡进行探讨与总结,以供统治者借鉴。第四、魏晋时代,名教观念遭到破坏,所以东晋史家通过不同角度在史学著述中宣扬名教,纠正时弊,希望东晋皇朝的统治长治久安。第五、在东晋民族矛盾十分突出,对夷夏关系的认识上,产生了袁宏的反对战争的严防夷夏的民族思想和常璩的同祖同源的夷夏一家的民族思想,虽然他们的观点不同,但都为当朝的统治者提供了与少数民族之间的相处之道。
[Abstract]:The historiography of the Eastern Jin Dynasty occupies a very important position in the course of the development of Chinese ancient historiography. This paper analyzes and summarizes the historiographer system under the influence of the political system in this period and the compilation of historical books under the influence of the political environment. The concept of historiography under the influence of political thought is an important content of the in-depth study of the historiography of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which is of great significance to deepening the study of the history of ancient Chinese historiography. Firstly, the historical official system under the influence of the political system of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is embodied in three aspects: the reconstruction of the historical institution, the historical officer set up by the book bureau, and the way of selecting and appointing the historian. First, in the historical official system, the Eastern Jin Dynasty in general still continued the Western Jin Dynasty historiographer system, set up a book bureau dedicated to the revision of history. Second, in the book bureau, the establishment of the book Lang, Zuo Lang, the history of the three kinds of historians in charge of history. Third, in the selection and appointment of historical officials, there appeared three ways of emperor conscription, recommendation of officials and part-time work of other officials, all of which were influenced by the political system at that time and were under the control of the imperial power. Secondly, the compilation of historical books under the influence of the political environment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is embodied in the popularity of the daily notes promoted by the consolidation of imperial power, the climax of the compilation of the history of the imperial dynasty caused by internal and external troubles, and the prosperity of the family history as a result of the politics of the door warlords. The local separation led to the development of historical narration and the rise of religious history which influenced the spread of Buddhism and Taoism. First, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, living notes entered the golden period of development and became the vassal of imperial power in history, which played an important role in maintaining and consolidating imperial power. Secondly, by summing up the history of the former dynasty, promoting the achievements of this dynasty, maintaining orthodoxy and so on, many factors contributed to the climax of the compilation of the history of the imperial dynasty. Thirdly, under the influence of the politics of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the patriarchal clan is closely related to the compilation of historical books. Fourthly, the numerous regimes of ethnic minorities in the Eastern Jin Dynasty directly promoted the development of history writing, and provided valuable historical data for the study of ancient frontier geography, political history, economic history and national culture. Fifth, with the introduction of Buddhism and the development of Taoism, the historical books of religion began to rise, adding new content to the compilation of historical books of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Third, the historical ideas under the influence of political thoughts of the Eastern Jin Dynasty are embodied in five aspects: the prevalence of the concept of divine monarchy, the maintenance of the orthodox concept of the imperial dynasty, the contending of the concept of the rise and fall of the imperial dynasty, the affirmation of the concept of monarch and minister's name and religion, and the elaboration of the concept of nation's Yi Xia. First, historians of the Eastern Jin Dynasty tried their best to promote the concept of divine monarchy through historical works, which played a positive role in maintaining social stability and maintaining the rule of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Secondly, in order to maintain the orthodox position of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the historians of the Eastern Jin Dynasty put forward a variety of different viewpoints on the basis of the theory of "the end of the five virtues". Although their starting points are different, they all try to create a reasonable orthodox theory for the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Thirdly, in the political situation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the rulers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty hope to sum up the reasons from the success or failure of the former Dynasty, so as to promote the Eastern Jin historians to discuss and summarize the rise and fall of the former Dynasty one after another, so as to provide the rulers with reference. Fourth, during the Wei and Jin dynasties, the concept of the famous religion was destroyed, so the Eastern Jin historians advocated the famous religion in the historical writings from different angles, corrected the malpractices, and hoped that the reign of the Eastern Jin Dynasty would be stable for a long time. Fifthly, in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the ethnic contradictions are very prominent. The understanding of the relations between the Yi Xia and the Yi Xia produced Yuan Hong's national thought against the war and the national thought of the Yi Xia family, which is of the same origin as the ancestors of Chang qu, although their views were different. But they all provided a way for the rulers of the dynasty to get along with the ethnic minorities.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K092

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