近代以来日本海权思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 07:04

本文关键词：近代以来日本海权思想研究　出处：《外交学院》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文主要围绕近代以来日本海权思想进行研究。日本海权思想不仅包括日本思想家、战略家与政治家对海权尤其是发展日本海权的认识，而且包括日本海洋扩张行为所反映出来的海权思维逻辑。 19世纪末美国人马汉提出海权概念后，追求海权逐渐成为濒海强国海洋活动的战略目标和逻辑出发点。作为岛国的日本也深受马汉海权思想的影响，从19世纪末起，海权就与日本密不可分。但关于日本自身海权思想的研究却显得相当不充分。基于此，本文尝试归纳和整理出日本海权思想演变的脉络，，并分阶段对其进行分析。为此，本文首先尝试分析日本海权思想产生的基础，包括客观层面的地理环境和意识形态层面的战略文化。就地理环境而言，日本具备发展海权的自然条件；就战略文化而言，日本固有的武士道精神和扩张主义传统成为日本发展海权的意识形态基础。其次，本文将18世纪末至今的日本历史分为三个阶段，以日本认识和构建海洋国家身份为前提，分别论述每个阶段的日本海权思想或其海洋活动背后的海权逻辑。在18世纪末至20世纪40年代的第一阶段中，日本海权思想有着较为完整的发展历程，并在其海权实践中体现出强烈的扩张性。在20世纪40年代至冷战结束的第二阶段中，日本海权思想的重点从军事领域转移到经济领域，而在军事领域则完成了从扩张性向防御性的转变。通过研究发现，日本海权思想在这一阶段并不完整，但日本却保有发展海权的潜在能力和意识。在冷战结束至今的第三阶段中，日本海权思想逐渐走向完整，并以一种新的形式、即谋求同盟的方式回归扩张性。其实质是借助所谓“海权同盟”的力量谋求发展自身的海权。追求海权是日本一百多年以来的重要战略目标，日本海权思想始终服务于日本的国家战略。日本国家战略时有变化，但一百多年来的历史告诉我们，日本海权思想引导下的海洋扩张行为却一直对中国产生着极为负面的影响，不利于甚至是阻碍了中国的海洋发展乃至国家发展。从现实的角度来看，中日两国都有着强烈的发展海权的主观意愿，也具备发展海权的客观实力，而地理上的接近则为两国发展海权带来了不确定因素。正因如此，中日两国、特别是日本更应该摒弃对抗型的传统地缘政治思维，谋求合作型的地缘政治思维，化解两国在发展海权方面的结构性矛盾，并正确认识各自的地缘作用与地位，从而造就良性发展的双边关系。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly focuses on the modern Japanese maritime power thought, which includes not only Japanese thinkers, strategists and politicians, but also the understanding of sea power, especially the development of Japanese sea power. And includes the sea power thinking logic reflected by Japan's ocean expansion behavior. In 19th century, the American Mahan put forward the concept of sea power, and the pursuit of sea power gradually became the strategic goal and logical starting point of maritime activities of coastal powers. As an island country, Japan was also deeply influenced by Mahan's thoughts on sea power. Since the end of 19th century, sea power has been closely related to Japan. However, the study on Japan's own sea power thought is quite inadequate. Based on this, this paper tries to summarize and sort out the evolution of Japan's sea power thought. For this reason, this paper first tries to analyze the basis of Japanese sea power thought, including the objective level of geographical environment and ideological level of strategic culture. As far as geographical environment is concerned. Japan has the natural conditions for the development of maritime rights; In terms of strategic culture, Japan's inherent Bushido spirit and expansionist tradition have become the ideological basis for the development of maritime power in Japan. Secondly, this paper divides the Japanese history from the end of 18th century to the present into three stages. Based on the understanding and construction of the identity of the marine state in Japan, this paper discusses the thought of Japanese sea power in each stage or the logic of sea power behind its maritime activities. In the first stage from the end of 18th century to 1940s. Japan's maritime power thought has a relatively complete development process, and in its practice of sea power reflects a strong expansibility, in 1940s to the end of the second stage of the Cold War. The emphasis of Japanese maritime power thought shifted from the military field to the economic field, while in the military field, it completed the transformation from expansionary to defensive. Through the study, it was found that the Japanese maritime power thought was not complete at this stage. However, Japan retained the potential ability and consciousness to develop maritime power. In the third stage of the Cold War until now, Japan's maritime power thought gradually became complete and took a new form. The essence of the alliance is to develop its own sea power with the help of the power of the so-called "sea power alliance". The pursuit of sea power has been an important strategic goal of Japan for more than 100 years. The Japanese thought of sea power has always served Japan's national strategy. Japan's national strategy has changed, but the history of more than 100 years tells us. Japan's ocean expansion under the guidance of sea power thought has always had a very negative impact on China, which is not conducive to or even hindered the development of China's oceans and even the development of the country. From a realistic point of view. Both China and Japan have a strong subjective will to develop sea power, and also have the objective strength to develop sea power, and geographical proximity has brought uncertain factors for the development of sea power between the two countries. For this reason, China and Japan have brought about uncertainty. Japan, in particular, should abandon the traditional geopolitical thinking of confrontation, seek cooperative geopolitical thinking, resolve the structural contradictions in the development of maritime power between the two countries, and correctly understand their respective geopolitical roles and status. So as to create a healthy development of bilateral relations.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D831.3

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