美国外交中的“理想主义”与“现实主义”及其相互关系研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 23:03

本文关键词：美国外交中的“理想主义”与“现实主义”及其相互关系研究　出处：《西南交通大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自美国建国初以来,美国外交就体现出意识形态考虑、道德色彩与现实利益考虑、权力政治色彩的复杂交织,亦即“理想主义”与“现实主义”的复杂交织。美国制定外交战略的过程一直是在“理想主义”与“现实主义”之间寻求平衡的过程。更好地把握美国外交中复杂交织的“理想主义”与“现实主义”,客观而全面地认识美国的外交思维、利益考虑及其内在逻辑,从而对美国的政策动机和现实条件做出准确判断,对于我国制定出明智而灵活的对美外交政策而言十分重要。本文共分为三大部分,第一部分包括第一、二章,概述美国外交中的“理想主义”与“现实主义”,从文献资料入手,厘清其历史渊源与理论发展,将其提炼为影响美国外交思维与政策实践的两大要素,并归纳出其各自所包含的核心元素。第二部分包括第三、四、五章,分别详细分析杰斐逊、威尔逊和小布什三位总统外交案例,先从美国外交思想史和政策史等史实资料入手,选取并详细阐述三位总统的外交理念、政策和实践,再剖析在上述三位总统的外交理念和政策、实践中,“理想主义”要素与“现实主义”要素在外交理念、外交目标和外交手段三个层面的各自表现并辨析各层面上的二者关系,试图梳理“理想主义”要素与“现实主义”要素在美国不同历史时期的一致性或变化,提炼出“理想主义”和“现实主义”这两大要素在各任总统外交中相互关系的重要论点。第三部分为第六章和结论,结合前面的案例分析,归纳总结美国外交中的“理想主义”与“现实主义”的各自特点,进一步从理论上辨析两大要素如何相互作用并共存于美国外交中,进一步提炼两大要素在外交理念、外交目标和外交手段三个层面上的相互关系及发展趋势,最后辩证地得出美国外交中的“理想主义”与“现实主义”是一对虽然理念相反却相辅相成、既对立却又统一的有机统一体并倾向于进一步融合的认识。本文认为,美国外交中的“理想主义”与“现实主义”是一对内涵有悖、对立又统一的理念要素,分别作用于美国外交的理念层面、目标层面和手段层面,从而形成美国的“理想主义”式的外交理念、外交目标和外交手段以及“现实主义”式的外交理念、外交目标和外交手段,二者在三个层面上都相互联系、相辅相成,共同构成美国的“理想主义”并“现实主义”外交。 “理想主义”式的外交目标与“现实主义”式的外交目标分别代表美国不同的国家利益,共同构成美国外交的根本目标以及要实现的国家利益。同时,“理想主义”式的外交手段和“现实主义”式的外交手段,二者的冲突不是国家利益本身的冲突而是具体外交方式、方法的冲突。无论是杰斐逊、威尔逊还是小布什总统,他们都是同时采取“理想主义”与“现实主义”式的外交手段,有时是以“现实主义”式的外交手段实现理想目标,有时是用“理想主义”式的外交手段实现现实目标,有时则是以“现实主义”的外交手段同时实现美国的理想目标与现实目标,具体根据当时不同的情势而各有侧重,但是绝不会完全舍弃其一。美国外交中“理想主义”与“现实主义”二者相互关系的发展大趋势是进一步走向统一而非对立。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the founding of the United States, American diplomacy reflects ideology, moral color and realistic interests, mixed power politics, mixed namely "idealism" and "realism". The process of the making of American foreign strategy has been the process of finding a balance between "idealism" and "realism". To better grasp the American diplomacy's "idealism" and "realism", objective and comprehensive understanding of American diplomatic thinking, interests and the inner logic of American policy motivation and realistic conditions to make accurate judgments, for our country to make sensible and flexible to the American foreign policy it is very important.
This paper is divided into three parts, the first part includes first, second chapters, an overview of American diplomacy's "idealism" and "realism", starting from the literature, clarify its historical origins and theoretical development, refine the two factors influencing American foreign policy thinking and practice, and sums up their respective core elements the second part includes third, fourth chapters, five, respectively, a detailed analysis of Jefferson and George W. Bush, the three president of the foreign Werwilson case, first from the American foreign policy history, ideological history and historical information of selected and detailed exposition of the three presidents of the diplomatic idea, policy and practice, analyzes the practice in the three presidents the diplomatic ideas and policies, "idealism" and "realism" elements of elements in the diplomatic concept of the respective performance diplomacy and diplomatic means three aspects and the analysis on each level two The relationship between attempts to sort out the "idealism" and "realism" elements of elements in consistency or changes in the different historical periods, extract the "idealism" and "realism" of the two major elements in the diplomatic relationship between the president in an important argument. The third part is the sixth chapter and the conclusion, combined with the previous the case analysis, summarizes the American diplomacy's "idealism" and "realism" of their respective characteristics, according to the theory of two elements interact and coexist in American diplomacy, to further refine the two elements in the diplomatic concept, relationship and development trend of three aspects of diplomacy and diplomacy on finally, the dialectic of American diplomacy "idealism" and "realism" is a concept of although instead complement each other, but the unity of opposites and unity An understanding that tends to be further amalgamation.
This paper argues that American diplomacy's "idealism" and "realism" is a connotation of the contrary, the concept of elements of the unity of opposites, respectively for the U.S. diplomatic concept level, the target level and means level, thus forming the "idealism" of the diplomatic philosophy, and diplomacy and diplomatic goals "realism" style of diplomatic philosophy, diplomacy and diplomatic means, the two in three aspects are interrelated and complement each other, together constitute the "idealism" and "realism" in foreign affairs.
"Idealism" and "realism diplomatic goals" diplomatic goals respectively on behalf of the United States of different national interests, constitute the fundamental goal of American diplomacy and to achieve national interests. At the same time, "idealism" and "realism diplomacy" diplomacy, the conflict between the two conflicts not the interests of the state itself but the specific method of diplomacy, conflict. Either Jefferson, or Wilson President George W. Bush, they are also taking "idealism" and "realism" diplomacy, there is an ideal target to "realism" diplomacy, sometimes is to achieve real target "idealism" diplomacy, sometimes it is in the "realism" of diplomacy at the same time to achieve the ideal target and the actual target of the United States, according to the different time There are different focuses on the situation but never abandon it completely. The trend of the development of the relationship between the two idealism and realism in American diplomacy is to further unite instead of antagonism.

【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D871.2

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