二战期间BBC与英国政府在外交事务和政策制定方面的互动关系

发布时间：2018-01-15 17:11

本文关键词：二战期间BBC与英国政府在外交事务和政策制定方面的互动关系　出处：《北京外国语大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：广播是20世纪初在无线电技术刺激下产生的新型传播方式。作为广播业的先驱者和公共媒体的典范,BBC一直以客观报道和脱离于政府控制的独立性而蜚声中外,被认为是新闻传播的经典模式。其公营媒体的性质不同于美国以商业为主导的电台模式,也不同于以政府为主导的传媒体制。传统观点认为,BBC既不受商业广告的影响,又不受政府的控制。BBC既享受英国政府特殊政策扶植,又一直保持独立性,坚持其公共服务导向。传统的媒介研究将媒体作为一个“静态”的体系,认为媒体大致上可以划分为施拉姆所著的《报刊的四种理论》中规定的四种类型：集权主义理论、自由主义理论、社会责任理论、苏联的共产主义理论。但事实上,媒介是动态的,受到一定时代背景、政治变动、经济状况等因素的影响,同一国家下的同一媒介,在不同时间内也会折射出不同的传播范式。以BBC为例。作为公营媒体,“公共服务”是其首要任务。但是,作为英国“文化、媒体和体育部”下属的一个部门,并由于其获得“皇家特许状”的特殊身份和特殊的经费来源,包括英国政府的特别拨款,因此,捍卫国家利益和宣传英国的文化价值观是其义不容辞的责任。BBC与政府的关系非常微妙。本文将侧重探讨BBC与政府的互动关系。文章选取了二战为观察点,考察在非常态下BBC与政府在外交事务和政策制定方面的互动关系。从现实来看,BBC试图在新闻自由与政府约束之间取得平衡,与后者保持“一壁之遥”的距离,试图营造双赢的局面。如果能对BBC与英国政府关系进行研究和透视,有助于拨开BBC的神秘面纱,也对发展我国的电视广播事业大有裨益。本文以传播学名作《报刊的四种理论》中所提出的四种传播范式为理论基础,以历史的视角,以文献研究方法为主,探讨BBC与英国政府间的互动关系。作者首先提出假设：在非常态下,BBC的“国家利益”重于“公共利益”。文章的主要研究问题是：1)在二战这样非常态的战时情况下,BBC出于捍卫国家利益的目的,是否会在新闻实践中损伤客观性? 本文收集的文献包括中英文两部分,其中英文文献部分提供了大部分的事实性内容,并很客观地指出了BBC在二战期间与英国政府的互动关系,包括配合与斗争,而中文文献对本论文研究问题提供辅助性信息以及视角性解读。本论文共有五章。第一章介绍了选题的由来,意义和目的,以及文献综述和论文中所使用的方法论。第二章介绍了本论文所使用的理论框架,对“公共媒体”进行了理论分析,并且介绍了二战中公共媒体与政府之间的关系,和其扮演的角色。第三、四、五章是文章主体部分。第三章对BBC的基本情况进行了介绍,包括其成立的过程和特点。第四章详细论述了二战期间BBC与政府之间的互动关系。第五章为结论部分。作者得出结论,在二战中,尽管BBC受到来自政府方面的一些管控,但是从为公众利益的角度出发,仍然在努力坚持其客观性,也正是由于这种对客观性的坚持,最终为BBC和英国政府赢得了声誉,取得了双赢的局面。此外,有关二战期间BBC广播的第一手英文材料甚至第二手英文材料都难以获得,因此国内媒介研究学者甚少涉及。本研究的创新之处在于利用大量第二手英文材料,尽量还原BBC真实面貌,使人们对BBC有一个更加全面深刻的认识和理解。但是,由于受时间和能力的限制,尤其是史学理论基础的缺乏,作者不能够细致全面地将所有的历史细节展现出来。希望未来能有机会继续深入研究。
[Abstract]:Broadcasting is a new mode of communication produced by radio technology at the beginning of the 20th century . As a model of broadcasting industry pioneer and public media , the BBC has been known as the classic mode of news dissemination . The nature of its public media is different from that of the American business - dominated radio mode , and it is different from the government - dominated media system . The traditional view is that the BBC is neither influenced nor controlled by the government . The BBC not only enjoys the special policy of British government , but also keeps its independence and insists on its public service orientation . As a " static " system , the traditional media research thinks that the media can be divided into four types : totalitarianism , liberalism , social responsibility and the communist theory of the Soviet Union . As an example of the BBC , the " public service " is the top priority . But as a division of the British " Culture , Media and Sport " , and as a result of its special status and special funding sources , including the British Government , it is incumbent on the British Government to defend national interests and promote the cultural values of the United Kingdom . The BBC is very subtle in relation to the Government . This paper focuses on the interaction between the BBC and the government . The article has selected World War II as an observation point to investigate the interaction between the BBC and the government in the development of foreign affairs and policy . From the perspective of reality , the BBC tried to strike a balance between the freedom of the press and the government , trying to create a win - win situation . On the basis of the four modes of communication proposed in the four theories of Journalism , this paper discusses the interaction between the BBC and the British government based on the historical perspective and the literature research method . The author first puts forward the assumption that the BBC ' s " national interest " focuses on " public interest " in the very state of the world war . The literature collected in this paper includes two parts : Chinese and English , in which the English literature part provides most of the factual content , and it objectively points out the interaction between the BBC and the British government during World War II , including cooperation and struggle , while Chinese literature provides auxiliary information and visual angle interpretation to the study of this thesis . Chapter One introduces the origin , meaning and purpose of the topic , as well as the literature review and the methodology used in the paper . The second chapter introduces the theoretical framework used in this paper , analyzes theoretically the " public media " , and introduces the relationship between public media and government in World War II and its role . The third , fourth and fifth chapters are the main parts of the article . Chapter Three introduces the basic situation of the BBC , including the process and characteristics of its establishment . Chapter Four discusses the interaction between the BBC and the government during World War II . The fifth chapter is the conclusion part . The author concludes that in the second world war , although the BBC has been under some control from the government , it is still trying to stick to its objectivity from the point of view of the public interest , and it is precisely because of this objectivity , finally the BBC and the British government have won the reputation and achieved a win - win situation . In addition , the first - hand English materials and even the second - handed English materials broadcast by the BBC in the Second World War were difficult to obtain , so the domestic media research scholars rarely involved . The innovation of the study was to use a large number of second - handed English materials to restore the true face of the BBC as much as possible , so that people had a more comprehensive understanding and understanding of the BBC . However , due to the limited time and ability , especially the lack of the theoretical foundation of historiography , the author can not fully and comprehensively display all the historical details . It is hoped that the future will have the opportunity to continue in depth study .

【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D856.1;G206

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