新时期中国海洋外交战略

发布时间：2018-01-24 01:15

本文关键词： 新时期中国海洋外交困境战略　出处：《河北师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代意义上的外交源自于西方,它伴随着主权国家体制的建立而成为国与国之间交流的必要手段,并在全球化时代成为各国处理对外关系的“最理想和最文明”的手段。21世纪是全球化高速发展的世纪,也是海洋的世纪,畅通无阻的海洋航运是促进全球化高速发展的重要原因,因此,全球化在本质上是海洋性的。海洋外交是当代世界总体外交的重要组成部分,它是全球化时代海洋与外交“联姻”的产物,它的产生和运作符合传统外交的一般规律,并且与传统的职业外交相比,海洋外交具有海洋性、外交主体多元化、手段多样化和目的明确的特殊属性。从实践的角度来看,从20世纪上半叶联合国三次海洋法会议开始,国际社会就已经有了海洋外交活动的实践,1994年11月,《联合国海洋法公约》正式生效后,各缔约国对海洋的重视程度越来越深,围绕岛屿主权归属、海域划界争端以及海洋资源争夺等各种传统安全威胁不断增多的同时,能源、经济、科技、生态等领域的非传统海上安全威胁不断出现。海洋是一个流动性的整体,海洋问题具有流动性和扩散性,这就决定了海洋问题很难依靠一个国家或一支海上力量单独完成,海洋问题成为近些年国际社会上的热点问题,从而导致在国际实践活动中,围绕诸多海洋问题而进行的交涉、谈判、磋商等外交对话、合作与斗争也持续增多,海洋成为各国对话的平台,海洋外交成为一种区别于传统政治外交的新兴的功能性外交。近些年来,随着我国的迅速崛起以及资源、环境、人口的压力使得我国将经济发展的目光投向海洋,海洋开发日益受到我国的关注,以前被搁置的海洋问题被重新提起。我国是典型的陆海复合型大国,从地缘政治层面考虑我国的海权发展战略,我国具有陆、海双重易受伤害的安全困扰;从现实层面考虑,我国由海上军事力量、海洋经济以及海洋科技等力量组成的国家综合海洋实力较其他海洋强国较为薄弱;从历史文化和历史传统层面考虑,我国长期受“黄土文明”的传统历史影响,外交思想上重路轻海,国民海洋意识淡薄,海洋开发和利用程度落后于其他发达国家;在国际上,美国实施重返亚太战略以及美、日、印等国对这些海洋问题的介入和干扰都导致以我国周边为重点的海域形成了日趋激烈的海洋竞争态势。海洋外交作为和平解决国际争端、理性开发利用资源的一条低成本途径,应当成为我国对外战略的首选。它以充分的国际合作为导向,在双边和多边框架下进行谈判协商、交流与合作,既有利于培养政治互信,相互尊重海洋权益,化解各种政治和安全争端,提升海洋合作;也可以“先易后难”,用中外在非传统安全领域的互利共赢合作增进政治互信,从而带动传统海上安全问题的解决。文章从外交学原理的视角下审视和研究新时期我国海洋外交战略的主要内容、面临的主要困境以及解决这些困境的新思路,通过对理论困境、司法困境、国家主权困境以及合作发展困境的阐释和剖析,分别从这些方面所存在的问题和缺陷入手提出相应的解决对策,使我国形成一个全方位的海洋外交战略体系,从而达到维护我国海洋权益,提升我国整体外交实力和国际影响力的目的。文章共分为四个部分来阐述新时期中国的海洋外交战略。第一部分主要论述海洋外交以及中国海洋外交战略的进展,这一部分共分为两节,第一节首先分析海洋外交的基本概念,其次是分析海洋外交的特征,最后分析了海洋外交战略的产生和发展,第二节主要论述了中国海洋外交战略的提出与发展历程。第二本部分论述了新时期中国海洋外交战略的主要内容,主要从海洋司法外交、海上政治合作外交、海洋军事合作外交、涉海民间外交以及海洋经贸外交这五个方面分别加以论述。第三部分分析了新时期我国海洋外交战略面临的主要困境,分别是观念困境、法制困境、海洋主权维权困境及经贸合作发展困境。第四部分将针对第三部分中的困境,分别提出了相应的解决措施,即建构和平发展的海洋外交新思路、构建和完善海洋司法体系、提升海洋主权维权能力、推动“海上丝绸之路”战略,加强国际海洋合作战略布置。最后是结语,对文章的相关问题进行了总结性的描述。
[Abstract]:The modern sense of diplomacy originated in the west, it is accompanied by the establishment of a sovereign state system and become a necessary means of communication between countries, and in the era of globalization has become a foreign relations "the most ideal and civilization" means.21 century is the rapid development of globalization of the century is the century of the ocean, the ocean smoothly shipping is an important reason to promote the rapid development of globalization, therefore, globalization is the ocean in nature. Marine diplomacy is an important part of the contemporary world's overall diplomacy, it is the era of globalization and marine diplomacy "1008" product, its production and operation in accordance with general rules of traditional diplomacy, and compared with the traditional occupation ocean marine diplomacy with diplomacy, diplomacy, diversification, diversification of methods and special attributes of purpose. From the practical point of view, from the first half of twentieth Century To the United Nations Conference on the law of the sea three, the international community has been practiced, marine diplomacy in November 1994, "the United Nations Convention on the law of the sea" took effect, the parties more emphasis on the more deep, around the island sovereignty dispute, maritime delimitation and marine resources for a variety of traditional security threats at the same time increasing, energy, economy, technology, ecology and other fields of non traditional maritime security threats continue to emerge. The ocean is a flow of whole marine issues with mobility and diffusion, which determines the ocean is difficult to rely on a country or a sea power alone, ocean issues the international community has become a hot issue in recent years, resulting in the international practice, and many problems around the ocean negotiations, negotiations, consultations and diplomatic dialogue, cooperation and struggle will continue to increase, The sea has become a platform for dialogue, marine diplomacy has become a different from the traditional political diplomacy new functional diplomacy. In recent years, with China's rapid development and resources, environment, population pressure makes our country economic development will be the sights on the ocean, the ocean development has been our concern, the ocean before the problem was shelved again. China is a typical country Lu Hai compound, consider China's sea power development strategy from the geopolitical level, China has a land, sea is vulnerable to the security problems of double damage; considering from the reality of our country from the sea level, military power, marine economy and marine science and technology and other forces. The comprehensive national strength than other ocean marine power is relatively weak; from the historical cultural and historical tradition, the long-standing Chinese traditional history of loess civilization ", the diplomatic thought of heavy road light The sea, national ocean consciousness, marine development and utilization lags behind other developed countries; in the world, the United States to return to Asia Pacific strategy and beauty, intervention and interference on these ocean issues have led to India and other countries around China as the focus of the waters formed increasingly fierce competition in the trend of ocean Ocean. Diplomacy is the peaceful settlement of international disputes, rational development and utilization of resources of a low cost way, should become China's foreign strategic choice. It fully with international cooperation as a guide, negotiate in bilateral and multilateral framework, exchanges and cooperation, is conducive to the cultivation of political mutual trust and mutual respect of maritime rights and interests, resolve various the political and security issues, to enhance maritime cooperation; can also be "easy first, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation with China in the field of non-traditional security to enhance mutual political trust, which led to the traditional maritime security question To solve the problem. The main content of the article from the principle of diplomacy from the perspective of examine and study the new period of China's maritime diplomacy strategy, main difficulties and new ideas to solve these difficulties, based on the theory of judicial sovereignty dilemma, dilemma, Dilemma and cooperation in the development of the plight of interpretation and analysis, respectively, from these aspects the problems and defects of put forward the corresponding countermeasures, make our country to form a comprehensive maritime diplomacy strategy system, so as to safeguard China's maritime rights and interests, to enhance China's overall diplomatic strength and international influence. The purpose of this article is divided into four parts to explain the new period China marine diplomacy strategy. Discusses some of the major maritime diplomacy and the progress of Chinese maritime diplomacy strategy, this part is divided into two sections, the first section first analyzes the basic concepts of marine diplomacy, followed by Xi Haiyang Foreign characteristics, finally analyzes the emergence and development of marine diplomacy strategy, the second section mainly discusses the development process and put forward Chinese marine diplomacy strategy. The second part discusses the main contents of Chinese marine diplomatic strategy in the new period, mainly from marine judicial diplomacy, sea political diplomacy, military diplomacy on marine cooperation, respectively. To be related to the sea folk diplomacy and marine economic diplomacy in these five aspects. The third part analyzes the main difficulties of China's maritime diplomacy strategy in the new period, respectively is the concept of legal difficulties, difficulties, main marine rights dilemma and the development of economic and trade cooperation dilemma. The fourth part for the third part of the plight of the corresponding the measures to solve the new idea that the peaceful development of the construction of maritime diplomacy, construct and perfect the marine judicial system, to enhance maritime sovereignty rights ability, promote the Marine Silk "Road" strategy, strengthen the strategic arrangement of international ocean cooperation. Finally, the conclusion is the conclusion, and the related issues of the article are summarized.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D820

【参考文献】