美国国会中的中国人权提案研究（1993-2013）

发布时间：2018-01-27 16:27

本文关键词： 中国人权提案美国国会最惠国待遇保守主义　出处：《华东师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国会是美国三权分立体制的重要一环,虽然美国对华政策主要由政府制定,但是回顾中美关系的历史可以发现,通过立法、监督等直接或间接的方式,国会在中美的政治、文化和经济交往中早已成为不可忽视的行为体。冷战结束以来,国会在中美关系中的重要性越来越凸显,在对华政策上的影响越来越深入。美国国会的对华态度,既有理想主义传统的影响,也有现实主义的考虑。本文通过对克林顿政府以来的中国人权提案的梳理,结合内容详实的国会调查报告、国会记录、国会听证会和中美交往中的典型案例,总结三任总统任期内国会在涉华人权议题上的关注焦点,归纳总结国会在对华人权政策施加影响的几种方式,进而讨论美国国会议员关注中国人权议题的动因,最后得出结论与启示。中美两国作为最大的发达国家和发展中国家,经济发展、国情和文化不尽相同,对于人权有着定义上的差别。可是,冷战以来,美国国会在中美关系的交往中往往扮演消极角色,将人权附加在经济或其他议题上而不结合中国具体国情进行的批评,不仅损害两国之间正常的经济、社会和政治交往,也损害两国人民的感情。为了减少美国国会的消极影响,未来中国需要有针对性的开展对美公共外交,加强与国会的各层次交往,继续在中美共同关切的共同问题上进行广泛深入的合作。
[Abstract]:Congress is an important part of the system of separation of powers in the United States. Although the United States' China policy is mainly formulated by the government, looking back at the history of Sino-US relations, we can find that through legislation, supervision and other direct or indirect means. Congress has long been an important actor in Sino-US political, cultural and economic exchanges. Since the end of the Cold War, the importance of Congress in Sino-US relations has become increasingly prominent. The influence on China policy is getting deeper and deeper. The attitude of the United States Congress to China has both the influence of idealism tradition and the realistic consideration. This paper combs the Chinese human rights proposal since the Clinton administration and combines the detailed congressional investigation report. Congressional records, Congressional hearings and typical cases of Sino-US exchanges, summing up the focus of attention of Congress on human rights issues concerning China during the three presidential terms, and summarizing several ways in which Congress exerts influence on human rights policy in China. Finally, the author discusses the motivation of American congressmen to pay attention to China's human rights issues, and finally draws conclusions and enlightenments. China and the United States, as the largest developed and developing countries, differ in their economic development, national conditions and culture, and have different definitions of human rights. The US Congress often plays a negative role in the exchanges between China and the United States. Adding human rights to economic or other issues without taking into account the specific conditions of China will not only harm the normal economy between the two countries. Social and political exchanges also hurt the feelings of the people of the two countries. In order to reduce the negative impact of the US Congress, China needs to carry out targeted public diplomacy to the United States and strengthen exchanges with the Congress at all levels in the future. Continue to carry out extensive and in-depth cooperation on common issues of common concern to China and the United States.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D871.2;D822.3

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