选举政治与美国国会贸易保护主义倾向的制度性根源

发布时间：2018-01-30 10:04

本文关键词： 选举政治美国国会贸易保护主义倾向　出处：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美国建国初期的外交关系主要表现为对外经济关系的处理上,外交政策也就主要是贸易政策。在美国的对外贸易史上,贸易保护主义与自由贸易一直是美国贸易政策的两大主题。其中贸易保护主义占了大多数时期,是美国对外经济交往最早、也是最持久的贸易政策,一定意义上说,美国近代的崛起也与保护主义有着密不可分的联系。影响美国贸易政策的因素是多方面的,在贸易保护的政治经济学看来,贸易政策与美国国内政治密切相关,受到国内政治制度的制约和影响。其中,选举制度作为美国立国的基础性制度,对美国贸易政策的形成发挥着决定性的影响。国会拥有宪法赋予的贸易权,国会议员出于当选的考虑,在制定贸易政策时受到其狭隘选区利益的制约,这构成了保护主义形成的制度基础。本文将以政治制度中的选举制度为切入口,分析选举制度与议员、贸易政策的内在关系,选举过程中选民、利益集团、政党等各行为主体围绕着选举与贸易政策展开的博弈,以及这种互动博弈关系如何导致了国会的贸易保护主义倾向。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the founding of the United States, the foreign relations were mainly manifested in the handling of foreign economic relations, and the foreign policy was also mainly the trade policy, in the history of foreign trade of the United States. Trade protectionism and free trade have always been the two major themes of American trade policy, among which trade protectionism accounted for the majority of the period and was the earliest and most lasting trade policy of the United States in foreign economic exchanges. In a certain sense, the rise of the United States in modern times is also closely related to protectionism. The factors that affect American trade policy are various, from the perspective of the political economy of trade protection. Trade policy is closely related to American domestic politics, and is restricted and influenced by domestic political system. Among them, the electoral system is the basic system for the establishment of the United States. Congress has the right to trade under the Constitution, and members of Congress are restricted by their narrow constituency interests in making trade policy for the sake of their election. This constitutes the institutional basis for the formation of protectionism. This paper will take the electoral system in the political system as the entry point, analyze the inherent relationship between the electoral system and parliamentarians, trade policy, voters and interest groups during the election process. Political parties and other actors play games around election and trade policy, and how this interactive game relationship leads to the tendency of trade protectionism in Congress.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2;F757.12

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