英国与中国东北关系研究（1861-1911）

发布时间：2018-02-02 10:28

本文关键词： 英国中国东北贸易关系英俄对抗　出处：《吉林大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：19世纪60年代初，英国强迫营口开埠，拉开了近代英国与中国东北关系的序幕。通过设立领事馆、开设洋行和控制海关等方式，英国很快确立了在中国东北的地位，是近代西方势力入侵东北的急先锋。东北开埠后，英国以营口为基地，凭借控制营口航运业、输入鸦片、倾销棉纺织品和掠夺原料等手段加大对中国东北的经济入侵和扩张，同时英国也面临着德国、美国、荷兰、丹麦、日本、俄国等列强的激烈竞争。总体来说，前期英国在与中国东北的贸易关系中占有垄断性优势，后期随着美、日的快速崛起，英国的优势地位逐渐丧失，但仍是东北地区外来势力中一支重要的经济力量。英国与俄、日、美等国在争夺中国东北利益过程中的矛盾、冲突、妥协、调和等互动关系是本文的重要线索。英、俄在中国东北的矛盾体现在租借旅顺、大连上的抵牾和在关内外铁路修建过程中的斗争，最后以双方妥协结束。20世纪初，列强对中国东北的争夺愈发复杂，英国从自身的整体利益出发，以实用主义的思维，运用娴熟的外交技巧处理对俄、日、美的多边关系。英国采取的不同政策既达到了维护英日同盟、维持东北均势和保证欧洲政治平衡的目的，又较好地抵制了美国势力在中国东北的扩张。但不可否认的是，，在俄、日、美等国的排挤下，英国对中国东北的政策受到了很大挫折。1911年，清朝灭亡，欧洲战争阴云密布，近代英国与中国东北的关系告一段落。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of 1860s, the British forced Yingkou to open ports, which opened the prelude of the relations between Britain and Northeast China in modern times. By setting up consulates, setting up foreign businesses and controlling customs and so on. Britain quickly established its position in Northeast China and was the vanguard of the invasion of Northeast by Western forces in modern times. After the opening of Northeast China, Britain took Yingkou as its base and imported opium by controlling the shipping industry of Yingkou. Dumping cotton textiles and plundering raw materials and other means to increase the economic invasion and expansion of northeast China, at the same time the United Kingdom is also facing Germany, the United States, the Netherlands, Denmark, Japan, Russia and other foreign powers fierce competition. Generally speaking. In the early stage, Britain had monopoly advantage in its trade relations with Northeast China. In the latter period, with the rapid rise of the United States and Japan, Britain gradually lost its dominant position. But it is still an important economic force among foreign forces in Northeast China. The conflicts, conflicts, compromises and reconciliations between Britain and Russia, Japan, the United States and other countries in the process of competing for the interests of Northeast China are the important clues of this paper. The contradiction between Britain and Russia in Northeast China is reflected in the leasing of Lushun. The contradiction in Dalian and the struggle in the process of railway construction between China and the outside. Finally, at the beginning of the 20th century with compromise between the two sides, the scramble for the Northeast of China by the powers became more and more complicated, and Britain set out from its own overall interests. Using pragmatic thinking and skillful diplomatic skills to deal with the multilateral relations between Russia, Japan and the United States, different policies adopted by Britain have achieved the maintenance of the Anglo-Japanese alliance. The purpose of maintaining the balance of power in the Northeast and ensuring the political balance in Europe has also better resisted the expansion of American forces in Northeast China, but it is undeniable that in Russia, Japan, the United States and other countries are excluded. Britain's policy towards northeast China was greatly frustrated. In 1911, when the Qing Dynasty died, the European war was overcast, and the relationship between Britain and Northeast China in modern times came to an end.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D829.561

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