冷战后美国对华人权外交中的国会因素研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 03:33

本文关键词： 美国国会人权外交消极影响　出处：《青岛大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：冷战后,美国国会在外交领域发挥的作用不断加大。国会对人权的高度关注和诸多决策成为冷战后美国人权外交的重要推动力。美国国会对中国人权问题一直采取强硬态度,并多次指责行政部门对华人权政策的软弱。如若了解中美之间复杂的人权问题,美国国会是一个不可忽视的因素。美国是一个三权分立的国家,国会是其立法机构。在外交领域,国会拥有宪法赋予它的各项权力,能够通过立法、监督、舆论等干预手段来制约美国行政部门的外交政策。相比美国行政部门而言,国会在外交方面更多地受到意识形态、国内舆论、选民利益及利益集团等因素的影响。近年来,美国国会更多地参与到对华政策制定过程中,而且表现得越来越积极主动。在有些美国民众和少数国会议员眼里,中国是一个“非民主的极权国家”,并存在严重的所谓“侵犯人权”的倾向。美国国会议员一致主张在对华人权方面采取强硬措施,把人权与中国最惠国待遇等挂钩,并积极介入西藏问题。每届国会都会提交大量的反华提案,其中关于中国人权的提案占据了很大比例。尽管美国国会一些议员访问过中国,并邀请中国官员访问美国,加强了彼此之间的联系和了解,为中美关系的和谐发展起到一定的积极作用。但是,从总体而言,美国国会在对华人权外交中所起到的影响是消极的,且对中美关系的良性发展起到阻碍作用。因此,我国应该充分认识到美国国会在美国对华人权外交中的重要性,更多的开展与国会的交流活动,以降低国会在中美关系中的阻力。
[Abstract]:After the Cold War, the role played by the United States Congress in the diplomatic field has been increasing. Congress's high concern for human rights and many decisions have become an important driving force of American human rights diplomacy after the cold war. The United States Congress has always taken a tough stance on China's human rights issue. And has repeatedly accused the executive branch of weakness in its human rights policy toward China. If we understand the complex human rights issues between China and the United States, the US Congress is a factor that cannot be ignored. The United States is a country with three separate powers, and Congress is its legislature. In the diplomatic field, Congress has constitutional powers and is able to legislate and supervise. Public opinion and other means of intervention restrict the foreign policy of the US executive branch. Compared with the US executive branch, Congress is more influenced by ideology, domestic public opinion, voter interests and interest groups in foreign affairs. In recent years, The United States Congress is more and more involved in the process of making policy towards China, and is becoming more and more proactive. In the eyes of some Americans and a small number of members of Congress, China is a "non-democratic totalitarian country" and has a serious tendency to "violate human rights." members of the United States Congress unanimously advocate taking tough measures on human rights in China, linking human rights to China's MFN status, and so on. And actively involved in the Tibet issue. Each session of the National Assembly will submit a large number of anti-China bills, of which China's human rights proposals accounted for a large proportion. Although some members of the United States Congress have visited China and invited Chinese officials to visit the United States, they have strengthened their contacts and understanding and played a positive role in the harmonious development of Sino-US relations. The influence played by the United States Congress on human rights diplomacy with China is negative and has a negative effect on the healthy development of Sino-US relations. Therefore, China should fully recognize the importance of the United States Congress in its human rights diplomacy with China. More exchanges with Congress to reduce congressional resistance in Sino-American relations.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2

【共引文献】