小国安全模式研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 22:20

本文关键词： 小国自助安全　出处：《华中师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在无政府状态的国际社会中,国家必须实行自助战略来维护自己的生存与安全,小国安全问题是一个悲观的话题。小国是指在一定时期的国际体系中,由于缺少足够的资源条件,难以依赖自助而必须通过其它途径来实现安全的国家行为体。对小国外部安全环境的判断,现实主义与自由主义既有共识,也有分歧。两者都以无政府状态为前提假设。现实主义对小国的安全持不太乐观的态度,但自由主义用发展的视角进行观察,对小国安全的前景看好,认为在全球化,一体化,相互依赖的当今世界,战争的代价高昂,军事不再是最重要力量。国际法、国际道德、国际舆论发挥着越来越重要的作用,小国的安全得到了一定的改善。笔者认为,小国不但面临区域外的大国和霸权国的安全威胁,还面临着区域内大国,中等强国,甚至与自己实力不相上下的小国的威胁。几乎所有国家都成为威胁小国安全的敌人。小国受到着多重权力结构安全威胁,为了维护生存与安全,既要考虑区域性权力结构,又要考虑全球性权力结构,面临重叠的复杂的安全环境,充满更多的不确定因素。因此,小国安全问题极其严峻。国家维护安全有两种途径：一是依靠自己的力量；二是依靠外部力量。小国缺少维护能力,往往依赖外部力量维护国家安全。小国安全的手段包括联盟、中立、大国平衡、自助(主要寻求发展核武器)、集体安全与合作安全等。一个小国选举什么样的安全政策,要受到地理位置、历史因素、安全状况、国际环境、领导人的主观认识等多方面因素影响,没有统一的标准。与大国不一样,小国的安全战略具有多元化与综合性特征。在小国的多元化安全战略中,往往有一种主导战略,如瑞士主要依赖中立,朝鲜主要依赖自助,新加坡主要依赖大国平衡,各具鲜明的特色。小国的安全与全球、地区的稳定和安全具有密切的联系。小国安全处境的根本改变取决于国际体系性质的改变。构建和谐世界,建立国际政治新秩序是小国安全问题得以解决的根本出路。
[Abstract]:In the anarchy of the international community, countries must implement self-help strategies to maintain their own survival and security, the security of small countries is a pessimistic topic. The lack of adequate resources makes it difficult to rely on self-help and must be secured by other means of national actors. In judging the external security environment of a small country, realism and liberalism share a consensus as well as differences. Both presuppose anarchy. Realism is less optimistic about the security of small States. But liberalism, observing from the perspective of development, is optimistic about the prospects for the security of small countries, arguing that in today's world of globalization, integration and interdependence, the cost of war is high, and that the military is no longer the most important force. International law, international morality, International public opinion is playing an increasingly important role, and the security of small countries has been improved to a certain extent. The threat of even small countries on a par with their own. Almost all countries have become enemies threatening the security of small States. Small States are threatened by multiple power structures. In order to maintain their survival and security, it is necessary to consider regional power structures, The global power structure must also be taken into account, facing an overlapping and complex security environment, full of more uncertainties. Therefore, the security problems of small countries are extremely serious. There are two ways for a country to maintain its security: one is to rely on its own strength; the other is to rely on external forces. Small countries lack the ability to maintain, often rely on external forces to safeguard national security. The security of small countries includes alliances, neutrality, and great power balance. Self-help (mainly seeking the development of nuclear weapons, collective security and cooperative security, etc.) what kind of security policy a small country elects is subject to geographical location, historical factors, security situation, international environment, etc. Different from big countries, the security strategies of small countries have the characteristics of diversity and comprehensiveness. In the diversified security strategies of small countries, there is often a dominant strategy. For example, Switzerland mainly relies on neutrality, North Korea mainly depends on self-help, Singapore mainly relies on great power balance with distinct characteristics. The security of small States is closely linked to the global, regional stability and security. The fundamental change in the security situation of small States depends on a change in the nature of the international system... for a harmonious world, The establishment of a new international political order is the fundamental solution to the security problems of small countries.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D81

【引证文献】