美欧制裁背景下俄罗斯外交战略研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 12:34

本文关键词： 乌克兰危机美欧制裁俄罗斯反制裁外交战略新转向　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2013年11月21日,乌克兰危机爆发,在此之后,经历了政权更迭、克里米亚入俄、军事冲突等一系列事件,美欧与俄罗斯的冲突也在不断升级恶化。尤其是在克里米亚宣布公投独立并入俄罗斯后,美欧国家接连对俄罗斯出台了一揽子制裁措施,制裁内容涵盖了个人和组织、能源行业、金融机构、军工企业、国有公司等广泛的领域。面对美欧不断升级的制裁轰炸,俄罗斯也以强硬的态度实施反制裁进行回应。受到美欧制裁的影响,俄罗斯陷入了内政外交的双困境。在经济上,卢布大幅贬值,贸易进出口出现危机,外资出逃严重,投资环境进一步恶化,国际融资和支付渠道也受到了极大的限制,居民生活水平下降,对俄罗斯的金融和宏观经济都带来了极为不利的影响;在政治外交上,美欧联手不断给俄罗斯施加压力,实施孤立政策。美欧与俄罗斯在乌克兰问题上的不可调和以及制裁与反制裁的不断升级,导致双方关系愈加紧张和疏远,甚至降至了冷战后的最低点。面临着如此严峻的国际环境,俄罗斯进行了一系列战略调整,以此缓解美欧制裁带来的种种不利因素,谋求提高在国际格局中的地位和影响力。俄罗斯出台了新的国家安全战略,重新明确了俄罗斯国家利益、内政外交政策优先方向、经济能源安全以及军事力量的任务和目标;重新整合独联体地区,强化在该地区的主导权,大力推进“欧亚联盟”战略构想的实现;在“向东看”的外交战略指引下,将发展的目光从欧洲地区转移到亚太地区,积极推进与亚太地区国家的对话与合作,尤其是中俄两国合作的战略性日益凸显,在普京的积极推动下,推动建立了中俄全面战略协作伙伴关系,中俄友好关系全面升温,同时加强与越南、蒙古、印度、朝鲜等其他亚太地区国家在政治、经济、安全等各个领域的友好合作,还积极参与亚太经合组织、金砖国家会议、上海合作组织等亚太地区合作机制,以此来努力拓展在亚太地区的发展空间。
[Abstract]:In November 21st 2013, the crisis in Ukraine broke out. After that, it experienced a series of events such as regime change, Crimea's entry into Russia, military conflict, etc. The conflict between the United States and Europe and Russia is also escalating and worsening. In particular, after Crimea announced its referendum on its independence into Russia, the United States and European countries successively issued a package of sanctions against Russia, covering individuals and organizations. The energy industry, financial institutions, military industrial enterprises, state-owned companies and other broad fields. In the face of the escalating sanctions bombing by the United States and Europe, Russia has also responded with a tough attitude in the implementation of counter-sanctions. It has been affected by the sanctions imposed by the United States and Europe. Russia is caught in a double dilemma in domestic and foreign affairs. Economically, the rouble has depreciated substantially, trade imports and exports have been in crisis, foreign capital has fled seriously, the investment environment has further deteriorated, and international financing and payment channels have also been severely restricted. The decline in the standard of living of the residents has had a very negative impact on Russia's financial and macroeconomic sectors. In terms of political diplomacy, the United States and Europe have been exerting constant pressure on Russia. The implementation of the policy of isolation. The irreconcilability of the United States and Europe with Russia over Ukraine and the escalation of sanctions and counter-sanctions have led to further tension and alienation between the two sides. It has even dropped to its lowest point since the cold war. In the face of such a severe international environment, Russia has made a series of strategic adjustments in order to alleviate the adverse factors brought about by US and European sanctions. Seeking to improve the status and influence in the international structure. Russia has issued a new national security strategy, redefining the tasks and objectives of Russia's national interests, domestic and foreign policy priorities, economic and energy security and military power; Reintegrating the CIS region, strengthening leadership in the region, vigorously promoting the realization of the strategic concept of the "Eurasian Union", and under the guidance of the diplomatic strategy of "looking east", shifting the focus of development from the European region to the Asia-Pacific region. Actively promoting dialogue and cooperation with countries in the Asia-Pacific region, especially the strategic significance of cooperation between China and Russia. Under the active push of Putin, the establishment of a comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation between China and Russia has been promoted, and the friendly relations between China and Russia have warmed up in an all-round way. At the same time, to strengthen friendly cooperation with Vietnam, Mongolia, India, Korea and other Asia-Pacific countries in political, economic, security and other fields, and to actively participate in the APEC and BRICS meetings, Cooperation mechanisms in the Asia-Pacific region, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, are used to expand the development space in the Asia-Pacific region.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D851.2

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