论冷战后俄罗斯与北约的抗衡与合作

发布时间：2018-02-28 15:26

本文关键词： 冷战后俄罗斯北约抗衡合作　出处：《新疆大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：苏联解体后，俄罗斯作为前苏联最大的加盟共和国继承了前苏联的衣钵。在从幕后走向前台的过程中，经历了失落、彷徨与苦闷。冷战后，俄罗斯的大国地位与荣耀随着苏联帝国的瓦解而灰飞烟灭，一去不返。俄罗斯在面对世界上实力最强大的、控制范围最广的军事政治联盟——北大西洋公约组织的步步紧逼、多面合围中，深感忧虑与担心。俄罗斯人的帝国心理与大国荣耀遭受到了最大限度的挑战，俄罗斯已经不得不面对自己沦为“二流”国家的命运。以美国为首的北约在冷战结束、苏联解体后，并没有像华沙条约组织那样走向瓦解与解体；而是在美国的冷战思维与霸权理念下继续存活；北约面对上世纪90年代的天赐良机在解决了自身定位与生存困境后，日益走向更加强大与繁荣。在面对自己昔日稳定、强大，如今衰败、没落的冷战对手时，并没有产生怜悯与同情之心；而是抓住俄罗斯衰落的现实机遇，积极吸纳东中欧国家与前苏联加盟共和国加入北约，不断蚕食与压缩俄罗斯的地缘战略空间；在北约经历冷战后的三次扩大后，其东部与东北部边界已经基本与俄罗斯相连，俄罗斯已经感受到了前所未有的压力与困境；然而，北约并没有停止自己扩大的步伐，在北约未来的扩大规划中，俄罗斯的后院，，独联体国家和中亚地区国家将被逐步拉进北约。从叶利钦到梅德韦杰夫，俄罗斯政府与人民都在为国家的重新崛起与复兴而努力奋斗。俄罗斯从独立之初向西方“一边倒”的外交战略中不断清醒过来，在经历了不断寻找与艰难探索自身国家定位的进程后，确立起了注重东西方平衡、多极化的、全方位的，灵活、务实的新时期外交战略。俄罗斯人的“民族之魂”，“大国之梦”被唤醒，昔日的北极熊在走向未来的征途上披荆斩棘、无所畏惧。本文的写作目的是通过分析冷战后俄罗斯与北约在相互交往与博弈过程中抗衡与合作的具体内容与基本脉络，揭示出冷战后俄北双方抗衡与合作的实质特征与根本原因。通过对冷战后俄罗斯与北约抗衡与合作根本原因与实质特征的分析与把握，有利于我们把握当前时代发展的格局与特征，有利于我们深刻领会世界多极化趋势下的权力分配与制衡，为我国当前及未来处理大国关系及应对现实挑战提供良好借鉴。本文以冷战后俄罗斯与北约抗衡与合作的历史发展为主线，通过纵横两方面的结合来构建不同阶段俄北关系抗衡与合作的内容与实质。本文除前言和结语外，共分为四大部分。第一部分论述叶利钦时期俄北关系合作与抗衡的进程与实质；第二部分论述普京时期俄北关系的发展与俄北双方的争斗。第三部分论述梅德韦杰夫时期俄北关系动荡波折的实质内容与原因。第四部分论述冷战后俄北合作的现实基础及其抗衡的根本原因。
[Abstract]:After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia, as the largest republic of the former Soviet Union, inherited the mantle of the former Soviet Union. In the process of moving from behind the scenes to the foreground, Russia experienced loss, loss and distress. After the Cold War, Russia's great power status and glory were lost with the collapse of the Soviet empire. Russia is facing the pressure of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the world's most powerful and controlled military-political alliance. In the midst of many sides, they are deeply worried and worried. The Russian people's imperial psychology and the glory of a great country have been challenged to the greatest extent. Russia has had to face the fate of becoming a "second-rate" country. After the end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the US-led NATO did not disintegrate and disintegrate like the Warsaw Treaty Organization. Instead, it continued to survive under the Cold War mentality and hegemonism of the United States; NATO, faced with the blessed opportunity of -10s, was increasingly stronger and more prosperous after it resolved its position and survival dilemma, and in the face of its former stability and strength, When the Cold War adversaries are now in decline and fall, they do not show pity and sympathy. Instead, they seize the real opportunity of Russia's decline and actively attract the countries of Eastern and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union to join NATO. Constantly encroaching on and compressing Russia's geo-strategic space; after NATO experienced three expansions after the Cold War, its eastern and north-eastern borders have been basically linked to Russia, and Russia has felt unprecedented pressure and predicament; however, NATO has not stopped its own pace of expansion. In NATO's future expansion plan, Russia's backyard, CIS countries and Central Asian countries will be gradually drawn into NATO. From Yeltsin to Medvedev, The Russian government and people are working hard for the re-emergence and renaissance of the country. Russia has been waking up from the beginning of its independence to its "one-sided" diplomatic strategy in the West. Having experienced the process of constantly searching for and difficult to find its own national identity, it has established a focus on the balance between East and West, multi-polarization, omnidirectional, flexible, The Russian "soul of the nation" and "dream of great power" are awakened, and the polar bears of the past are fearless on their way to the future. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the specific contents and basic context of the confrontation and cooperation between Russia and NATO in the process of mutual exchanges and games after the Cold War. This paper reveals the essential characteristics and fundamental reasons of the confrontation and cooperation between Russia and North Korea after the cold war, and analyzes and grasps the fundamental reasons and essential characteristics of the confrontation and cooperation between Russia and NATO after the cold war. It is helpful for us to grasp the pattern and characteristics of the development of the present era, to deeply understand the power distribution and checks and balances under the trend of multipolarization in the world, and to provide a good reference for our country to deal with the relations between great powers and meet the practical challenges at present and in the future. This paper takes the historical development of Russia and NATO after the Cold War as the main line to construct the content and essence of Russian-North relations in different stages through the combination of vertical and horizontal aspects. It is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the process and essence of Russian-North relations cooperation and counterbalance in Yeltsin period; The second part discusses the development of Russia-north relations during Putin's time and the struggle between Russia and north. The third part discusses the substantive contents and causes of the turbulence and twists and turns of Russia-north relations during Medvedev's period. Part 4th discusses the cooperation between Russia and north after the cold war. Realistic foundation and the fundamental reason of counterbalance.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D851.2

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