试论“红色恐慌”之于杜鲁门政府对华决策的影响

发布时间：2018-03-03 17:25

本文选题：红色恐慌　切入点：杜鲁门政府　出处：《外交学院》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“红色恐慌”侵袭时期，美国原本属于正常的社会反应，被偏离自由轨迹的疯狂反击所代替。随着冷战的加剧和美国国内政治的日趋反动，在中国问题上主张扶蒋反共的意见日益占据上风。在“红色恐慌”的气氛下，在公众舆论、国内政治的压力下，杜鲁门政府害怕被指责“亲共”而极力表现自己的反共热情，结果断送了美中和解的可能。在“红色恐慌”的反共氛围中，杜鲁门政府正式完成了对华政策的转型。当美国当政者意识到，美国撤出中国内战才是上策时，美国国内的反共主义已达到狂热程度，这种压力造成美国的扶蒋反共政策越陷越深。这就是为什么政策制定者几乎预见到政策的不利后果，却不能悬崖勒马的原因。美国国内的一系列反共主义活动，促使美国统治集团采取反共主义的外交政策。这种极端反共的反击方式，这种以意识形态主导美国外交政策的做法，不仅在理念上违背了美国社会所主张的“自由主义”原则，也因为捕风捉影式指控的泛滥而引发了一连串的社会问题，，并深刻威胁到美国的民主自由理念。虽然，美国民主制度所包含的司法保障、追求自由主义的理想和其奉行的宽容精神，为美国社会走出“红色恐慌”的黑暗提供了完整的制度环境。但是，为避免“将意识形态等同国家利益”的理念可能对中美关系发展进程所造成的现实危险，中美双方有必要将双方的官僚体系编入一张合作的网络中去。
[Abstract]:During the "Red panic" attack, the United States was originally a normal social reaction, replaced by a frenzied counterattack that deviated from the liberal trajectory. With the intensification of the Cold War and the growing reactionary nature of American domestic politics, In the atmosphere of "red panic", under the pressure of public opinion and domestic politics, the Truman government, afraid of being accused of being "pro-Communist", tried to show its anti-Communist enthusiasm. In the anti-communist atmosphere of "red panic", Truman government formally completed the transformation of China policy. By the time those in power realized that it was best for the United States to withdraw from China's civil war, anti-Communism in the United States had reached fanaticism. This pressure has led to a deeper and deeper U. S. policy of helping Chiang Kai-shek to oppose the Communist Party. That is why policymakers can hardly restrain themselves from the precipice even though they almost foresee the adverse consequences of the policy. A series of anti-Communist activities in the United States have prompted the US ruling clique to adopt an anti-Communist foreign policy. This extreme anti-Communist counterattack approach, which uses ideology to dominate US foreign policy, It not only violates the principle of "liberalism" advocated by American society, but also causes a series of social problems because of the proliferation of shadowy accusations, and threatens the democratic and liberal concept of the United States deeply. Although the judicial guarantees contained in American democracy, the pursuit of liberal ideals and the spirit of tolerance it pursues, provide a complete institutional environment for American society to emerge from the darkness of "red panic". In order to avoid the real danger caused by the idea of "equating ideology with national interests" to the development process of Sino-US relations, it is necessary for China and the United States to incorporate the bureaucracy of both sides into a network of cooperation.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D871.2;D822.3

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