论韩国文化及对其外交的影响

发布时间：2018-03-05 23:14

本文选题：文化　切入点：外交政策　出处：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：韩国作为一个岛国，四周强国林立，其国家的发展历程难免深受外国的影响。这种影响首先表现在文化方面。韩国的文化主要受到从中国传入的儒家文化、日本殖民统治造成的历史屈辱文化、美国通过改造韩国所传入的西式民主文化的影响。韩国文化的独特性也由此形成。在1909以前韩国文化主要是受到儒家文化的影响，统治阶级把儒家文化作为一种正统文化进行推广，韩国的政治、经济、社会生活各个方面都有着深厚的儒家文化气息，深深打上了儒家文化的烙印。在日本对韩国进行殖民统治时期，日本对韩国文化进行了改造，采取一系列的同化、毁灭韩国文化的措施。韩国文化的连续性遭到破坏，民众心理深受创伤。二战后，韩国接受了美国的民主改造，西方文化开始渗入韩国。美国利用对韩国占领的时机改造韩国、建立亲美的政权，战后的韩国一方面需要美国的援助而不得不接受其改造，另一方面，美国文化的先进性对韩国也有着巨大的吸引力。虽然只有短短的几十年时间，但是西方文化对韩国产生了非常大的影响。但是从本质上说，韩国文化还是以儒家文化为核心的。韩国文化的发展历程对其国家的行为方式以及国民的价值观念影响深远。文化通过对其国家利益、国家实力、国家决策机制的影响间接的影响到其外交政策从而形成了独特的外交特点，即内敛式的外交政策、以总统为核心的外交决策机制以及带有自卑心理的小国心态。全文共分四个部分：第一部分从整体上论述文化与外交政策的关系。主要包括对于文化与外交政策的概念界定、文化与外交政策的关系论述以及当代西方三大主流国际关系理论对于文化与外交政策的论述。当代西方三大主流国际关系理论都对文化的作用有不同的论述，但是他们所提及的是国际层次的文化，而不是国内的文化。新现实主义和新自由主义都没有把文化作为独立的变量，直到建构主义的出现才使得文化成为了独立变量。第二部分论述韩国文化的主要组成部分。该部分选取了不同阶段对韩国发展有重要影响的文化形态。主要包括从中国传入的儒家文化、日本殖民统治造成的历史屈辱文化、美国通过改造韩国所传入的西式民主文化等。其中，儒家文化是处于核心地位的，虽然受到了近半个世纪的殖民统治以及战后受到美国的民主改造，但是儒家文化影响依然十分深刻。近年来，，西式民主文化影响不断加深，但是如果想要取代儒家文化的影响，恐怕还有很长的路要走。文中介绍了三种文化的主要内容以及通过何种方式对韩国产生的影响，由此总结出韩国文化的主要特点。第三部分是对韩国文化影响下的韩国外交政策进行分析。韩国文化主要通过影响其国家利益的实现方式、国家实力的组成以及外交决策机制的形成来影响其外交政策。国家利益又从国家的领土完整、主权独立、经济发展等方面来分别论述。具体表现为朝鲜半岛的统一、独岛争端、民众的反美运动、韩国经济的起飞等实例。在国家实力组成方面主要是独特的韩国文化对其国家软实力的影响。韩国近年来所实行的文化外交政策在东亚地区产生的重要影响，对于提升其国家形象以及促进国内经济发展、带动就业发挥了重要作用。这种影响在中国表现的尤为突出，从食品、娱乐到服饰、电子产品等等无不显示出韩国文化的影响力。外交决策机制主要是探讨在韩国文化的影响下其外交决策机制的设置。首先韩国文化以及历史经历为其外交政策设置了界限，这也是民众共同认同的底线，一旦超出了这个底线外交决策人员就会不被国民信任。例如国家外交政策一旦有损国家利益就会激起民众内心的民族屈辱感。另外，其外交机构设置深受美国三权分立思想的影响。最后一部分是对韩国文化影响下的外交政策的简单评价以及对中国的借鉴意义。韩国文化影响下的外交政策一方面对于国家形象的提升、国家利益的维护、国家经济的发展产生了极大地促进作用。另一方面，韩国民众所表现出来的排外主义也成为韩国进一步提升国家形象的障碍。韩国文化及其历史经历与中国有着极大的相似性，两国同属于“儒家文化圈”，都曾遭遇过列强的侵略，战后都面临着国家统一、发展经济的任务，而当今的中国正面临着中国威胁论的困扰，经济上崛起的中国急需利用自己的软实力提升国家的形象。中国的可利用的文化资源远比韩国丰富，因此研究韩国文化对其外交政策的影响对中国有着重要的启示与借鉴意义。一国的外交政策深受本国文化的影响，不同的国家有着不同的文化以及历史遭遇，因此在外交政策上也有所表现，深入研究文化对外交的影响有助于把握一国外交政策的基本走向，从而减少文化差异带来的外交失误。
[Abstract]:South Korea as an island, surrounded by power everywhere, the development process of the country is welcomed by foreign influence. This influence first reflected in the culture. The culture of South Korea is mainly affected by the incoming Chinese from Japanese colonial rule by the Confucian culture, the history of humiliation culture, the United States through the transformation of South Korea introduced by western democracy. The influence of unique culture Korean culture is also formed.
In the 1909 previous South Korean culture is mainly influenced by Confucian culture, the Confucian culture of the ruling class as an orthodox culture, South Korea's political, economic, social life each have the profound Confucian culture, Confucian culture deeply marked by the stigma of Japan to South Korea. In the colonial period. Japan has carried on the transformation to the Korean culture, take a series of assimilation, destruction of Korean culture. The continuity of Korean culture is destroyed, the people were deeply hurt. After World War II, South Korea accepted the democratic transformation of the United States, western culture began to seep into South Korea. The United States to use this opportunity to reform the Korean occupation of Korea, the establishment of pro american the regime, South Korea needs the assistance of the United States to accept the transformation, on the other hand, the United States advanced culture of South Korea also has a huge attraction. Although only There are just a few years time, but the western culture had a great effect on South Korea. But in essence, or Korean culture as the core of Confucian culture. The development of Korean culture behavior on the state and national values far-reaching. Culture through to its national interests, national strength. Influence of national decision-making mechanism of the indirect influence to the foreign policy and diplomatic form the unique characteristics of the restrained style of diplomatic policy, diplomatic decision-making mechanism at the core of the president and the country with inferiority mentality.
The full text is divided into four parts:
The first part discusses the relationship between culture and foreign policy as a whole. Including the concept of the culture and foreign policy definition, discusses the relationship between culture and foreign policy as well as the three major western international relations theories for culture and foreign policy discussion. Effect of the three major Western International Relations Theory of culture have different this, but they refer to international culture rather than domestic culture. New realism and Neo liberalism have the culture as independent variables appear until constructivism makes culture as independent variables.
The second part discusses the main part of Korean culture. The selected part has important effects on the cultural form in different stages of the development of South Korea. Including China from incoming Japanese colonial rule by the Confucian culture, the history of humiliation culture, the United States through the transformation of South Korea introduced by western democracy culture. Among them, the Confucian culture is in the core position although, by nearly half a century of colonial rule and democratic transformation after the war by the United States, but the influence of Confucian culture is still very profound. In recent years, influence of western style democratic culture continues to deepen, but if you want to replace the influence of Confucian culture, I am afraid there is still a long way to go. The paper introduces the main content of the three kinds of culture and influence of South Korea by what way, summed up the main features of Korean culture.
The third part is on the South Korean foreign policy in South Korea under the influence of culture were analyzed. The Korean culture is realized by way of affecting the interests of the state, the formation of national strength and diplomatic decision-making mechanism to influence the foreign policy. The interests of the state and from the country's territorial integrity, sovereignty, economic development and other specific to discuss. For unity, Korea Dokdo dispute, people's anti American movement took off as examples of the South Korean economy. The national strength is mainly composed of the unique impact of Korean culture on the national soft power. The important influence in South Korea in recent years the foreign policy of culture in East Asia, to promote the country image and promote the domestic economic development, play an important role in promoting employment. This effect in China performance is particularly prominent, from entertainment to food, clothing, electronic products And all show the influence of Korean culture. Diplomatic decision-making mechanism is mainly to explore the influence of Korean culture in the diplomatic decision-making mechanism set. Firstly, Korean culture and historical experience for its foreign policy set boundaries, which is the common people identity beyond the bottom line, the bottom line once the diplomatic decision-making personnel will not be the national trust. For example, the foreign policy of the country once it is harmful to the interests of the state will provoke the inner sense of national humiliation. In addition, the influence of foreign institutions set up by the separation of the three powers of thought.
The last part is a simple evaluation of Korean culture under the influence of foreign policy and reference to Chinese. Korean culture under the influence of foreign policy on the one hand to enhance the image of the country, to safeguard the interests of the state, greatly promote the development of the national economy. On the other hand, the South Korean public displays the exclusive the principle of becoming South Korea to further enhance the national image of the obstacles. South Korean culture and its historical experience had a great similarity with China, the two countries belong to "Confucian cultural circle", encountered the aggression, the face of national unity, the task of economic development, and the China facing China threat on the rise of economic distress, Chinese urgently need to use their soft power to enhance the image of the country. Chinese can make use of the cultural resources than the South Korean rich, so the study of Korean culture The influence on its foreign policy has an important inspiration and reference for China.
Influence of a country's foreign policy by their own culture, different countries have different cultural and historical experiences and so on foreign policy also reflected, deeply studying the influence of culture on foreign policy helps to grasp the basic trend of foreign policy, so as to reduce diplomatic failures caused by cultural differences.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D831.26

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