外交表演与身份演化的动力：福特政府和卡特政府对华关系正常化比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 00:18

  本文选题：外交表演　切入点：身份演化　出处：《外交学院》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：二战后,随着情势的发展,先前敌对国家的和解成为战后国际和平体系重建的重要组成部分。然而,国家和解的进程曲折反复,有很多难解的问题和值得研究的地方。本研究主要围绕一个核心问题:在面临共同威胁与关系和解的巨大收益预期下,为什么国家自我身份有时并未朝着正常化的集体身份转变,而有时又会突然出现进化和转变,造成这一状况的原因是什么?本文结合中美关系正常化来探讨此研究问题。一方面,现有的学理研究主要探讨权力、情感和身份等因素在阻止或促进国家和解中的作用,却没有研究国家和解本身,也没有把它当作过程来研究;其中的身份解释虽然指出国家和解的本质在于社会身份关系的转变,但并没有说明国家身份关系从敌视到和解的演化动力来源。另一方面,有关中美关系正常化的文献大多属于经验性研究,将双边关系演变视作国际体系结构、国内政治或个人决策等因素直接驱动的结果,但没有将它视作一个自有自足的领域和进程来研究。因此,这些均不能恰当地解释本研究提出的问题。在现有研究的基础上,本文提出外交表演影响国家和解进程中身份演化动力的理论框架,设计出相应的理论假设,并选取福特政府和卡特政府对华关系正常化来开展案例比较分析。在国家和解过程中,一国对他者身份和诉求的认同从根本上影响到两国关系正常化的进程。在理论层面,本研究将国家关系正常化视作一国表演者在特定舞台上面向他国观众所开展的外交行为实施,具有象征性和实践性两个方面。在此进程中,一国外交表演可以影响自我对他者认同,以及自我身份朝和解的集体身份关系演化的动力。为进一步分析,本文将国家的外交表演划分为舞台、观众和表演者三个维度。在具体定义每个维度的基础上,提出三个理论子假设:在表演舞台层面,当国外和国内舞台之间越呈现正相关时,则越有利于表演者认同他者,自我身份向集体身份进化的动力越大,此时表演的实践性则越强;在表演对象层面,当观众的预期与表演者意图之间越呈现正相关时,则越能积极回应表演者呈现的外交行为实施,越有助表演国自我身份向集体身份的进化,此时表演的实践性越强;在表演人员层面,当一国政治领导人表演时的话语和行动实践之间越呈现正相关时,则越能提升自我对他者的认同,推动自我与他者身份关系转变的动力越大,此时表演的实践性也越强。为检验理论假设,本文在简述尼克松政府给中美关系正常化留下的政治遗产后,选取福特政府和卡特政府的对华关系正常化开展案例研究。在福特政府和卡特政府时期,美国一直面临苏联的威胁,深知双边关系正常化会给美国带来的巨大利益,也了解中国长期以来对实现双边关系正常化的期望,但两个政府对华政策的进程和结果出现明显的差异。为解释此经验困惑,在依据所搭建的理论框架的基础上,将外交表演的三个维度在福特和卡特对华外交表演中依次作了分析,关注它们如何影响两个政府认同中国的主权身份和协商自我身份朝集体身份演化的动力。经过仔细的论证,本文的理论假设和变量间的因果关系得到了证实。除了国家和解之外,本研究也希望外交表演的概念和理论分析也有助于我国新时期外交实践、外宣工作和软实力建设等方面的研究。
[Abstract]:After the Second World War, with the development of the situation, previously hostile countries and become an important part of the postwar international peace system reconstruction. However, the national reconciliation process full of twists and turns, there are a lot of problems and is worth studying place. This study focuses on one core problem: in the face of a common threat and huge gains expected settlement next, why national identity sometimes did not shift towards the normalization of collective identity, and sometimes will suddenly appear evolution and transformation, what are the reasons for this situation? Based on the Sino US relations are often turn to discuss this problem. On the one hand, the existing research mainly discusses power, emotion and identity. The factors in preventing or promoting national reconciliation in the role, but not on national reconciliation itself, did not regard it as a process of identity; explain the though that country Reconciliation is the essence of transformation of social identities, but did not specify the national identity relations from hostile to the power source and evolution. On the other hand, the normalization of Sino US relations in the literature mostly belongs to empirical research, the evolution of bilateral relations as the structure of the international system, domestic political or personal decision and other factors directly driven results, but don't see it as one of its own self-contained area and process to study. Therefore, these are not properly explain this research questions. On the basis of existing research, this paper puts forward the theoretical framework of dynamic performance of foreign identity affects the national reconciliation process, designed the corresponding theoretical assumptions, and select the normalization of Ford the government and the Carter government's relationship with China to carry out comparative case analysis. In the national reconciliation process, a country of otherness and demands the identity fundamentally affect The process of normalization of relations between the two countries. In theory, this study will implement the normalization of relations between the national diplomacy behavior as a country performer to his country's audience in particular above the stage, with two aspects of symbol and practice. In this process, a country's diplomatic performance can affect the self of the other identity, and power the evolution of collective identity relationship towards reconciliation. Self identity for further analysis, this paper divides the foreign countries for the stage show, the three dimensions of the audience and performers. Based on the specific definition on each dimension, put forward three theoretical assumptions: in sub stage level, when the positive correlation between foreign and domestic stage that is more conducive to the identity of the other performers, dynamic self identity to the collective identity evolution is bigger, the practical performance is strong; in the performance object level, when the pre stage and performing audience The intention between the positive correlation, the more able to respond positively to the diplomatic behavior of the performers, help show country identity evolution to collective identity, the practical performance is stronger; in the play staff level, more positive correlation between a country's political leaders when performing discourse and practice when the more can enhance the self identity on the other, to promote the transformation of power relations between the ego and the otherness is bigger, the practical performance is stronger. In order to test the theoretical hypothesis, this paper describes the political legacy in the Nixon administration to the normalization of Sino US relations left after the selection of relations with China Ford and Carter government of the normal carry out case study. In the Ford government and the Carter administration, the United States has been facing the threat of the Soviet Union, great benefits that the normalization of bilateral relations will be brought to the United States, but also understand the long-term Chinese To realize the normalization of bilateral relations expectations since two but the process and results of the government's policy towards China appear obvious difference. To explain this experience confusion, based on the theoretical framework to build on the three dimensions of foreign performance in Ford and Carter diplomatic performances are analyzed, attention how do they affect the two China sovereign government identity identity and self identity in the negotiation power of collective identity evolution. After careful argumentation, the causal relationship between the theory and the variables are confirmed. In addition to the national reconciliation, it is hoped that the analysis of conception and theory of foreign performance also contribute to my diplomatic practice in the new period, the research work of publicity and soft power construction.

【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D829.712
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本文编号：1572525