中国的南海政策研究（1946-1991）

发布时间：2018-03-06 09:10

本文选题：南海政策　切入点：外交政策　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：南海问题目前的复杂性需要从历史中寻找经验和教益。就目前对南海问题的研究来看,现有的对中国南海政策的研究存在着历史视野上的不完整,对影响政策相关因素的研究仍有待深入。中国的南海政策指的是中国为维护其在南海的岛礁主权及海洋权益,在经过对国内外环境的判断及评估后,所采取的相应决定及行动。从整体的角度来看,国际环境、海军力量和决策层的认知是影响中国南海政策的关键性因素。国际环境的变化指的是国家间权势对比的消长,这种消长引起了地区甚至国际权力结构的震荡和变动,主要表现为国家间关系的波动甚至逆转。影响外交政策的要素可能会因国际环境的变化而重新进行排列组合。国际环境的变化会影响到国家为政策目标而进行行动的自由度和获取资源用以发展政策工具的通达性。舰艇的数量和质量是影响海军力量这一国家外交政策工具有效性的重要因素。除此之外,国际环境会影响到海军力量发展获取资源的便捷性,还和同其他国家海空军力量的对比一起决定了军事力量这一政策手段的使用自由度。此外,海军力量的发展与国家安全的具体需求有密切的联系。决策层的认知主要表现为对某一外交问题所涉及的具体知识的掌握,以及根据此而确定的该问题在国家整体外交议程中的地位安排和相应的政策选取方式。知识储备水平、信息获取和传递机制、民族情感和对政治权力延续的考虑是影响决策层认知的变量。上述三个因素的交织与复合决定了中国在南海问题上的目标及行为,某一要素的变化往往会对其他要素产生牵动,这三个因素的变动具有明显的历史阶段性,使得中国的南海政策同样呈现出阶段性特点。本文以中国在南海地区立足点的拓展过程为讨论线索,对中国南海政策及其影响因素的演变进行分阶段讨论。维护中国的南海主权和海洋权益是中国南海政策的一贯目标,但某些时段内有关因素的限制性作用会影响具体政策手段的选择。具体而言,除去国际环境的影响以外,海军力量和决策者的认知在某些阶段限制了中国南海政策手段的选择。未来的南海政策仍旧需要耐心和理性。应该以理性的态度看待国际社会,并理性使用手中资源,避免那种由于单一因素而导致的视角缺陷和对国际问题过分简单化的看待模式。
[Abstract]:At present, the complexity of the South China Sea problem needs to seek experience and lessons from history. From the current research on the South China Sea issue, the existing research on China's South China Sea policy is incomplete from the historical perspective. China's South China Sea policy refers to the fact that China, in order to safeguard its sovereignty over islands and reefs and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea, after judging and evaluating the domestic and foreign environment, The corresponding decisions and actions taken. From the overall perspective, the international environment, naval force and the perception of decision-making levels are the key factors influencing China's policy in the South China Sea. The changes in the international environment refer to the rise and fall of the power contrast between countries. This growth and decline has caused regional and even international power structures to shake and change. The factors affecting foreign policy may be rearranged and combined as a result of changes in the international environment. Changes in the international environment may affect the conduct of countries for policy purposes. Freedom of movement and access to resources to develop access to policy instruments. The number and quality of ships are important factors affecting the effectiveness of naval forces as a foreign policy tool of the country. The international environment affects the ease with which naval forces can develop and acquire resources, and together with the comparison of naval and air forces with other countries determines the degree of freedom of use of military forces as a policy tool. The development of naval power is closely related to the specific needs of national security. And the status of the issue in the overall diplomatic agenda of the country and the corresponding policy options, the level of knowledge reserve, the mechanism for obtaining and transmitting information, National emotion and consideration of the continuation of political power are variables that influence the cognition of decision makers. The intertwining and compounding of these three factors determine China's goal and behavior in the South China Sea issue, and changes in one element often affect other factors. The changes of these three factors have obvious historical stages, which make China's policy in the South China Sea also show the characteristics of stages. This paper takes the process of China's foothold in the South China Sea as a clue to discuss. The evolution of China's South China Sea policy and its influencing factors are discussed in stages. Safeguarding China's sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South China Sea is the consistent goal of China's South China Sea policy. However, the restrictive effects of relevant factors during certain periods of time may affect the choice of specific policy instruments... in particular, in addition to the effects of the international environment, Naval forces and the cognition of decision makers have at some stage restricted the choice of policy instruments for China's South China Sea. Future policies in the South China Sea still require patience and rationality. The international community should be viewed in a rational manner and the resources at hand should be used rationally. Avoid single-factor visual flaws and simplistic approaches to international issues.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D823

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