冰岛北极政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 10:27

本文选题：冰岛　切入点：北极政策　出处：《上海师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：进入21世纪以来,由于气候变暖导致自然环境发生了深刻变化,北极地区迎来前所未有的发展机遇,同时也面临诸多严峻挑战。冰岛地处北大西洋和北冰洋交汇处,紧贴北极圈,战略位置十分重要。作为环北极国家和北极理事会创始成员,冰岛将北极事务视作自己外交政策的优先事项,努力维护冰岛在北极地区的经济、环境和安全利益。长期以来,冰岛的北极政策比较分散、零碎,只能从冰岛出席北极理事会、北欧部长理事会等的发言、政府规划等材料中加以概括。2011年3月28日,在冰岛的立法会议上批准通过了《关于冰岛北极政策的议会决议》,标志着冰岛北极政策的正式形成。该决议阐述了北极在国际事务中不断增强的重要性、自然资源利用、生态因素、主权权利、国际法、大陆架权利争端、安全问题、与北极地区居民相关的问题等,具体提出了关于冰岛北极政策的12条原则。从该决议内容来看,冰岛北极政策是全面系统的国家北极事务指导纲领,赋予北极地区在其国家战略中的崇高地位,体现出冰岛通过“软手段”维护其北极利益。冰岛开展了关于北极事务的一系列地缘政治实践,例如重视发挥北极理事会的主导作用,加强北极问题全方位国际合作,着力促进北极地区可持续发展,积极开展北极问题科学研究以及抢抓北极开发新机遇等。冰岛北极政策在实施过程中仍然面临着诸多困难,主要体现在:开发和保护北极的能力有限,北极沿海国地位尚未得到承认,与周边国家存在海洋权益纠纷等。冰岛的北极政策及其实践为我国提供了有益的借鉴和参考:应当制定正式的全面的北极政策,深化北极事务国际合作,突出北极科学研究,从而在激烈的北极争夺战中争取我国在北极更多的正当权益。
[Abstract]:Since 21th century, as climate change has caused profound changes in the natural environment, the Arctic region has faced unprecedented development opportunities as well as many serious challenges. Iceland is located at the junction of the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. Close to the Arctic Circle, strategic position is very important. As a founding member of the Arctic Rim and Arctic Council, Iceland regards Arctic affairs as a foreign policy priority and strives to preserve the Icelandic economy in the Arctic region, Interests in environment and security. Iceland's Arctic policy has long been fragmented and fragmented, and can only be summarized in Icelandic statements to the Arctic Council, the Nordic Council of Ministers, and government planning. March 28th 2011, The adoption of the Parliamentary Resolution on Iceland's Arctic Policy, approved at the Legislative Assembly of Iceland, marks the formalization of Icelandic Arctic policy. The resolution sets out the growing importance of the Arctic in international affairs, the use of natural resources, The ecological factors, sovereign rights, international law, disputes over the rights of the continental shelf, security issues, issues relating to the inhabitants of the Arctic region, etc., specifically propose 12 principles on Iceland's Arctic policy. Iceland's Arctic policy is a comprehensive and systematic programme of guidance for national Arctic affairs, giving the Arctic region a high place in its national strategy, Reflecting Iceland's safeguarding of its Arctic interests through "soft means". Iceland has carried out a series of geopolitical practices on Arctic affairs, such as the importance of giving play to the leading role of the Arctic Council and strengthening the full range of international cooperation on Arctic issues, Efforts will be made to promote sustainable development in the Arctic region, actively carry out scientific research on Arctic issues, and seize new opportunities for Arctic development. Iceland's Arctic policy still faces many difficulties in the process of implementation. Mainly reflected in the limited capacity to develop and protect the Arctic and the fact that the status of the Arctic coastal State has not yet been recognized, Iceland's Arctic policy and its practice provide a useful reference for China: we should formulate a formal and comprehensive Arctic policy, deepen international cooperation on Arctic affairs, and highlight Arctic scientific research. Thus in the fierce Arctic fight for our country in the Arctic more legitimate rights and interests.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D815

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