冷战结束以来的波俄关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 21:29

本文选题：冷战结束　切入点：波兰　出处：《中共中央党校》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：冷战结束、苏联解体后，中东欧国家相继提出了“回归西方”的战略。在此种外交战略的指导下，各国在密切同欧洲关系的同时，与俄罗斯的关系却一波三折，且至今仍矛盾重重。在中东欧国家中，波兰极具代表性，它在原苏东集团中首先发生剧变，开启了中东欧国家变革的先河，同时又最先利用休克疗法成功实现经济转型。因此，探究波俄关系的演变及其影响因素，对于研究中东欧国家与俄罗斯的关系具有重要意义，而且在一定程度上可以反映出美俄、欧俄、美欧之间的关系变化。本文主要对冷战结束以来的波俄关系进行了系统地梳理，并在此基础上对影响波俄关系发展的因素进行了分析。本文第一章介绍了冷战结束后波苏新型关系的建立。整个冷战期间，波兰国内要求改革的呼声一直很高，这是其在20世纪80年代末发生剧变的根本原因。而戈尔巴乔夫结束冷战的政策、美国等西方国家对波兰国内改革的支持是波兰剧变并迅速转向西方的重要的外部因素。1989年波兰统一工人党在选举中失败，团结工会上台组阁；同时，波兰由计划经济体制向市场经济体制转轨，国家性质发生变化。在对苏关系方面，波兰根据本国利益调整对苏政策，波苏关系走上正常化的艰难之路。本文第二章以波兰加入北约和欧盟为主线，分析了1991年到2008年在“回归西方”外交战略指导下，波兰对俄政策的变化。随着融入西方程度的不断加深，波兰对俄政策一方面受到了北约、欧盟对俄政策的制约；另一方面，波兰又试图凭借自身地位，将本国利益与北约、欧盟利益捆绑，增强自己在处理波俄关系时的筹码和话语的分量。总之，由于有了美国、北约以及欧盟的撑腰，波兰外交政策中对俄强硬的色彩日趋浓重，导致波俄关系出现了倒退。本文第三章通过对政治、经贸、安全等领域的透视，对2008年以来的波俄关系进行了较为详尽的介绍。这一时期波俄高层互访频繁，经贸往来增加，在安全领域尽管分歧犹存但能够考虑到彼此关切。总体看来，由于两国在彼此外交中地位的上升，双方外交逐渐转向务实，两国改变了相互敌对态度，，双边关系走出低谷，向好趋势较为明显。本文第四章从国际、双边及国内三个层面，对影响波俄关系的因素进行了阐释。国际层面，和平与发展仍是当今时代两大主题，国际社会传统安全与非传统安全问题相互交织，客观上要求国家之间加强政策协调，求同存异。而美俄关系的好坏也直接影响着波俄的亲疏程度。在双边层面影响两国关系最重要的三个因素是历史因素、地缘政治因素和能源问题，这三个因素在过去一度制约了波俄关系实现正常化。国内层面，领导人的个人理念和利益集团的倾向，也会影响波俄关系。文章最后认为，由于两国都摆出了改善相互关系的积极姿态，今后一段时间内，波俄关系继续回暖将是大势所趋。但是，由于两国在心理上建立互信还需要一定时间，在一些具体问题上还存在分歧，因此，在总体转好的主旋律中，还将出现一些不够和谐的小插曲。
[Abstract]:The end of the cold war, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Middle East European countries have proposed a "return to the west" strategy. In the diplomatic strategy under the guidance of all countries at the same time close relations with Europe, relations with Russia are still full of contradictions and striking one snag after another, in the central and Eastern European countries, Poland is very representative, it is in the original Su Dong group first change opened in the Eastern European countries change precedent, it is also the first use of shock therapy to achieve the successful economic restructuring. Therefore, exploring the evolution and its influencing factor relations with Russia, is of great significance for the study of relationship between the central and East European countries and Russia, but also reflects the United States and Russia, to a certain extent Europe and Russia, relationship between the United States and Europe. This paper focuses on the relations between Poland and Russia since the end of the cold war were systematically, and based on the influence factors of the development of relations with Russia are analyzed. Analysis.
The first chapter introduces the establishment of the end of the cold war Polish new relationship. Throughout the cold war, Poland's domestic demand for reform has been very high, this is the fundamental reason for the drastic change in late 1980s. Gorbachev ended the cold war policy, the United States and other western countries to support Poland domestic reform is Poland upheaval and quickly turn the important factors in Poland.1989 Mapam to lose the election, solidarity power cabinet; at the same time, Poland transition from planned economy to market economy, the national nature of change. In the aspect of relations with the Soviet Union, Poland according to their own interest adjustment policy toward the Soviet Union, Polish relations on the hard road of normalization.
The second chapter takes Poland to join NATO and the EU as the main line, from 1991 to 2008 were analyzed in the "return to the western" diplomatic strategy under the guidance of Poland change policy toward Russia. With the deepening of integration into the west, Poland on the one hand by the policies of Russia and NATO, EU restrictions on Russian policy; on the other hand, Poland another attempt by virtue of its position, the national interest and the NATO, the EU interests tied, strengthen their relations with Russia in dealing with wave chips and discourse component. In short, with the United States, NATO and the EU backing, Poland's foreign policy of Russia's tough color increasingly strong, led to the emergence of backward wave relations with Russia.
In the third chapter, through analyzing the political, economic, security and other fields of perspective, the relations between Poland and Russia since 2008 are introduced in detail. In this period, the Russian wave frequent high-level visits, increased trade, although differences still exist in the field of security but to take into account the concerns of each other. In general, because of the rise in foreign to each other the position of both sides, diplomacy has gradually changed to pragmatic, mutually hostile attitude between the two countries, bilateral relations bottomed out, a good trend is more obvious.
In the fourth chapter, from the international and domestic, bilateral three aspects, the influence factors of relations with Russia are explained. The international level, peace and development is the era of the two themes, the international society of traditional security and non-traditional security issues are intertwined, requires the state to strengthen policy coordination between the United States and Russia relations, seek common ground. Directlyaffects the two wave Russia. In three the most important factor in the bilateral level impact on relations between the two countries is the historical factors, and the problem of energy geopolitical factors, these three factors in the past once restricted the normalization of relations with Russia. The domestic level, the leader's ideas and interests tendency. Will also affect relations with Russia.
Finally, because the two countries have assumed a positive attitude to improve relations with each other, the next period of time, the relations between Poland and Russia continue to pick up is represent the general trend. However, due to build trust between the two countries in psychology also need some time, there are still differences in some specific issues, therefore, the main melody in general better that will also appear some not harmonious episode.

【学位授予单位】：中共中央党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D851.2;D851.3

【参考文献】