中印关系中的水资源问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 20:13

本文选题：中国　切入点：印度　出处：《兰州大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前,庞大人口基数上的全球人口高速增长和经济快速发展所导致的巨大用水需求业已给全球水环境造成了难以承受的压力,人类正面临着前所未有的水危机。中国和印度作为全球范围内人口最多的发展中大国,随着经济的快速发展,两国业已承受着较为严重的用水压力,在这种背景下两国已着手开发源自中国西藏且流经南亚地区的跨界河流。然而,随着中国加快跨界河流的开发,在领土争端及政治互信赤字等因素的影响下,印度舆论反复炒作“中国水威胁论”,使水资源问题从中印关系的幕后走上前台。实际上,中印水资源问题主要包括三方面：一是两国客观存在的因水资源开发利用所产生且必须面对的水源分配和水利工程设施管理问题,二是出于政治考量印度利用跨界河流筹赌争端领土的法理归属问题,三是因印度舆论炒作“中国水威胁论”引起的两国互信缺失加剧等问题。目前,在保证跨界河流合作不会对争端领土造成法理归属的前提下,中印己就跨界河流水文交换等问题进行了相关合作,但因主要跨界河流雅鲁藏布江涉及下游孟加拉国等,因而合作一定程度上还存掺杂着区域因素。在此背景下,本文围绕中印国内水危机背景下两国跨界河流水资源开发这条主线展开,着重分析中印水资源问题产生的背景、现状及对两国关系的影响,分析中印水资源合作所必须考虑的几点因素,以及国际法对中印跨界水资源纷争解决的适用性及全球典型跨界河流纠纷的解决模式对两国解决纷争的借鉴等问题,从区域合作的高度思索中印水资源问题区域化解决的可行性。论文主要章节架构如下：导论简要介绍全球水危机及中印水资源问题浮出水面的背景,对国内外已有研究作简单综述,并点出本课题研究的重点和难点；第1章一般性分析水资源与国家关系问题；第2章从印度国内水资源概况及其开发计划和中国水资源概况与青藏水资源开发着手,引出中印水资源问题的缘起与现状,正式提出中印水资源问题；第3章着重分析印度炒作中印水资源问题对两国关系的影响,主要涉及水资源争端加剧两国互信赤字、领土争端和中印双边及“中国一南亚”多边关系复杂化三方面问题；第4章就中印水资源纷争的应对思路作一些简单思考。
[Abstract]:At present, the huge demand for water caused by the rapid growth of global population and rapid economic development on the large population base has put unbearable pressure on the global water environment, Mankind is facing an unprecedented water crisis. China and India, the most populous developing countries in the world, are already under severe water pressure with the rapid development of their economies. In this context, the two countries have embarked on the development of cross-border rivers originating in China's Tibet and flowing through South Asia. However, as China speeds up the development of cross-border rivers, under the influence of factors such as territorial disputes and political trust deficits, Indian public opinion has repeatedly hyped the "China Water threat Theory", which has brought the water resources issue to the fore from behind the scenes in Sino-Indian relations. In fact, The problems of water resources in China and India mainly include three aspects: first, the problems of water resources allocation and water conservancy project facilities management that must be faced by the development and utilization of water resources exist objectively in the two countries. Second, due to political considerations, India uses cross-border rivers for gambling on the issue of legal attribution of the disputed territory. Third, due to the speculation by Indian public opinion about the "China Water threat Theory," the loss of mutual trust between the two countries is increasing. At present, On the premise of ensuring that cross-border river cooperation will not result in legal attribution of the disputed territory, China and India have conducted relevant cooperation on such issues as the hydrological exchange of transboundary rivers, but since the main cross-border river, the Yarlung Zangbo River, involves downstream Bangladesh and so on, Therefore, to a certain extent, the cooperation is still mixed with regional factors. In this context, this paper focuses on the development of transboundary river water resources in China and India under the background of the domestic water crisis in China and India, focusing on the background, the current situation and the impact on the relations between the two countries. This paper analyzes several factors that must be considered in Sino-Indian water resources cooperation, as well as the applicability of international law to the settlement of transboundary water resources disputes between China and India, as well as the reference to the settlement of disputes between the two countries based on the typical global model of cross-border river disputes. From the perspective of regional cooperation, this paper considers the feasibility of regionalization of water resources problems between China and India. The main chapters of this paper are as follows: the introduction briefly introduces the global water crisis and the background of water resources problems in China and India. A brief review of the existing studies at home and abroad, and points out the focus and difficulties of this research. Chapter 1 general analysis of the relationship between water resources and the state; In chapter 2, the origin and present situation of water resources problems in China and India are introduced from India's domestic water resources and its development plan, China's water resources situation and Qinghai-Tibet water resources development, and the problems of China and India's water resources are formally put forward. The third chapter focuses on the impact of Indian speculation on the relationship between China and India, which mainly involves three aspects: water resources dispute exacerbates the deficit of mutual trust between the two countries, the territorial dispute and the complexity of bilateral and "China-South Asia" multilateral relations between India and China. Chapter 4 makes some simple thoughts on the water resources dispute between China and India.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D822.3;F125.5

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