“多少”概念判断标准的影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 07:15

本文选题：“多少”概念　切入点：类标准　出处：《天津师范大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：概念是反映事物本质属性与共同特征的思维形式,是思维的基本工具和单位,形成概念和类别是各种复杂认知活动的基础。传统分类中类标准的研究模式一般是研究者根据研究目的设定实验材料及其分类标准(客观标准),尤其是以人工概念为材料的研究,这个客观标准是研究者设定的,不变的。现有分类研究关于类标准的问题多是从客观标准的角度来探讨的,很少有从被试的主观角度来探讨类标准。实际上被试的类别判断标准有很大的主观性,受材料特征、背景知识、已有知识经验等很多因素的影响。论文从类标准谁时间推移的可变性出发,通过访谈和调查发现小时候觉得多而长大了觉得少是一种常见的心理现象,推测这种现象是由于“多少”概念的判断阈限的改变,而这种改变可能是由于信息加工能力的变化所导致的假设,并通过问卷和一系列实验来证实假设。论文选题新颖,具有较高原创性,从主观性方面丰富了类标准的研究内容,为类标准的规则与相似性之争提供新的研究途径；并为实际概念教学过程提供了一定的指导。论文包括3个研究5个实验。研究一在前期访谈的基础上通过问卷来考察小时候觉得多而长大了觉得少的现象的普遍性,并对这种现象背后的原因进行初步分析。研究二通过两个实验探讨了不同复杂程度材料对“多少”概念判断的影响,实验1和实验2分别采用2～30范围和5-100范围的不同复杂程度刺激图,探讨其对对大学生被试“多少”概念判断的影响。研究三通过三个实验探讨影响“多少”概念判断标准的因素。实验4和5分别采用2～30范围和5-100范围的不同规则刺激图,探讨刺材料规则性对大学生被试“多少”概念判断的影响,实验6采用数量判定任务,通过操纵刺激图呈现窗口的大小,来看大学生被试对2～30范围的简单与复杂刺激图的“多少”概念判断的影响。研究结论包括以下几方面。 1.概念判断随时间推移会发生变化是一种普遍的心理现象。 2.2～30范围内,被试在“少”概念判断值和“多”“少”概念判断的临界值两个指标上被试对简单材料的判断值显著小于对复杂材料的判断值；5-100范围内,被试对简单材料“多”“少”概念判断的临界值显著大于对复杂材料“多”“少”概念判断的临界值。 3.2-30范围内,被试对规则材料“多少”概念的判断值均大于对不规则材料的判断值上均存在显著性差异。 4.不同性别被试“多少”概念的判断值受材料数量范围、材料性质和材料呈现条件的影响。
[Abstract]:Concept is a form of thinking that reflects the essential attributes and common characteristics of things, and it is the basic tool and unit of thinking. The formation of concepts and categories is the basis of various complex cognitive activities. In traditional classification, the research mode of classification criteria is generally for researchers to set up experimental materials and their classification criteria according to the purpose of the research (objective criteria, especially artificial generalizations). The study of materials, This objective criterion is set by researchers and is not changed. Most of the problems in existing classification studies on class criteria are discussed from the perspective of objective criteria. In fact, the criterion of category judgment is very subjective, which is influenced by many factors, such as material characteristics, background knowledge, existing knowledge and experience, etc. From the point of view of the variability of the class standards, through interviews and investigations, it is found that it is a common psychological phenomenon to feel more and grow up as a child, and to speculate that this phenomenon is due to the change of the judgment threshold of the concept of "how much". This change may be caused by the hypothesis caused by the change of information processing ability, and the hypothesis is confirmed by questionnaire and a series of experiments. This paper is novel and highly original, which enriches the research contents of class standards from the aspect of subjectivity. It provides a new research approach for the dispute between the rules of class standards and similarity, and provides some guidance for the teaching process of practical concepts. The thesis consists of three studies and five experiments. First, based on the previous interviews, the paper investigated the universality of the phenomenon that felt more and less when I was a child. And the reasons behind this phenomenon are analyzed preliminarily. Second, through two experiments, the influence of materials of different complexity on the judgment of "how much" concept is discussed. In experiment 1 and experiment 2, the stimuli of different degree of complexity were used in the range of 2X 30 and 5-100, respectively. To explore its influence on college students'"how much" concept judgment. The third study explored the factors influencing "how much" concept judgment criteria through three experiments. Experiments 4 and 5 used different regular stimuli in the range of 230 and 5-100, respectively. To explore the influence of prickly material regularity on the concept of "how much" of college students, experiment 6 adopted the task of determining quantity and presented the size of window by manipulating the stimulus chart. The influence of college students on the concept of "how much" of simple and complex stimuli in the range of 2X 30 was observed. The conclusions include the following aspects. 1. The change of conceptual judgment over time is a common psychological phenomenon. 2.2in the range of "less" and "more" and "less", the judgment value of simple materials was significantly lower than that of complex materials within the range of 5-100, the critical value of "less" concept and "more" and "less" concept were significantly lower than that of complex materials in the range of "less" and "more" and "less" than those of complex materials. The critical value of "more" and "less" concept of simple material was significantly higher than that of complex material "more" and "less". In the range of 3.2-30, there were significant differences in the judgment values of the concept of "how much" of the regular materials compared with the values of the irregular materials. 4. The judgment value of the concept of "how much" was affected by the range of material quantity, material properties and material presentation conditions.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D84

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