试论政治文化在南非后种族时期外交政策中的作用

发布时间：2018-03-12 19:28

本文选题：南非　切入点：纳尔逊·曼德拉　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文拟就后种族隔离时代的南非外交政策为分析对象进行研究，特别是在曼德拉和姆贝基政府时期政治文化对非外交政策原则的影响。政治文化被界定为共同的历史态度。相比于经济因素，政治文化在后种族隔离时期的南非文献中没有被归为一个影响外交政策制定的国内因素。然而，如果仔细分析，政治文化和外交政策两者之间却又有很大的相似性。通过对非洲民族会议的政治文化的考察，本文旨在理解行为者的某些目标取向，为什么某些目标比其他目标更受尊重，以及这些是如何影响外交政策的。在南非，民主、人权和非洲议程在曼德拉和姆贝基政府时期被给予了比其他外交政府原则更为重要的地位。本文认为诸如民主、人权和非洲议程的原则的提升是反抗种族隔离制度的解放斗争时期建立的非洲民族会议的政治文化的结果。由于南非的种族歧视和隔离的历史，非洲民族会议诞生于反抗种族隔离时期。非洲民族会议发展了平等、自由和自决的政治文化，因为这些恰恰是为其社会所否定的价值。这一政治文化得到高度尊重，人们将其确立在生命之中，从而有一天看到这些价值成为现实。本文调查了这一政治文化是否仍然对非洲民族会议具有重要意义，或者是否已被非洲民族会议所忽略。本文得出的结论是，从1994年当权开始，非洲民族会议外交政策原则反映了其政治文化，因为更加强调民主、人权和非洲发展。在曼德拉政府时期，政治文化具有重要作用，并且通过民主和人权的外交政策原则而表现出来，因为曼德拉成为了全球的人权活动家。另一方面，在姆贝基政府时期，政治文化扮演着不同角色。这通过寻求非洲大陆的自由、平等和自我实现的非洲复兴的外交政策原则表现出来。因此，非洲民族会议的政治文化在曼德拉和姆贝基政府时期对外交政策原则具有重要影响。本文对南非的特殊时期（1994-2014）的外交政策进行了重点分析。研究内容包括分析这段时间的各种外交立场和决策，本文将从外交政策结果的角度对曼德拉和其继任者两届政府进行比较。文中用到的材料包括：外交政策文件、报道这一时期的外交政策陈述的报纸以及两位领导人的演讲。通过对两届政府时期南非外交政策的主要影响的研究，本文得出的结论是，这段时期的外交政策原则在很大程度上受到解放时期建构的政治文化的重要影响。也有人主张，，南非的民主化进程中（也称为民族自决）形成了一种特殊的政治文化（平等、自由、非洲统一和民族自决）并且这种政治文化影响了民主之后所采用的外交政策原则。
[Abstract]:This paper intends to study the foreign policy of South Africa in the post-apartheid era. In particular, the influence of political culture on non-foreign policy principles during the Mandela and Mbeki governments. Political culture is defined as a common historical attitude, as opposed to economic factors, Political culture is not classified in the post-apartheid South African literature as a domestic factor in foreign policy making. By examining the political culture of the Conference of African Nations, this paper aims to understand some of the objectives of the actors and why some objectives are respected more than others. And how this affects foreign policy. In South Africa, democracy, human rights and the African agenda were given a more important place in the Mandela and Mbeki governments than other foreign government principles. The promotion of the principles of human rights and the African agenda is the result of the political culture of the African National Conference, established during the liberation struggle against apartheid... as a result of the history of racial discrimination and segregation in South Africa, The Conference of African Nations was born during the period of resistance to apartheid. The Conference of African Nations developed a political culture of equality, freedom and self-determination, as these are precisely the values denied by its society... this political culture is highly respected, People establish it in their lives and one day see these values come true. This paper investigates whether this political culture is still of importance to the African National Conference. Whether or not it has been ignored by the African National Conference. The conclusion reached in this paper is that, from 1994 onwards, the principles of the foreign policy of the African National Conference reflect its political culture because of its greater emphasis on democracy. Human rights and the development of Africa. During the period of Mandela's administration, political culture played an important role and was manifested through the principles of democracy and human rights foreign policy, because Mandela became a global human rights activist. On the other hand, During the Mbeki administration, political culture played a different role. This was manifested by the pursuit of the African continent's foreign policy principles of freedom, equality and self-realization. The political culture of the African National Congress had an important influence on the principles of foreign policy during the period of Mandela and Mbeki. This paper focuses on the foreign policy of South Africa during the special period (1994-2014). The contents of the study include the analysis of various diplomatic positions and decisions made during this period. This paper compares Mandela with his successor in terms of foreign policy outcomes. The materials used include foreign policy papers, newspapers covering statements of foreign policy during this period, and speeches by the two leaders. Through the study of the main influence of South Africa's foreign policy during the two terms of government, this paper draws the conclusion that the foreign policy principles of this period were to a large extent influenced by the political culture constructed during the liberation period. In the process of democratization in South Africa (also known as national self-determination), a special political culture (equality, freedom, African unity and national self-determination) was formed and this political culture influenced the foreign policy principles adopted after democracy.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D847.8

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