伊斯兰革命后伊朗与叙利亚关系（1979-）

发布时间：2018-03-15 17:34

  本文选题：伊叙关系　切入点：叙利亚内战　出处：《云南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伊朗与叙利亚是中东地区两个重要的国家,两国从1982年成为盟国开始,直至现今还保持坚定的联盟关系,尤其是在叙利亚内战中,伊朗给予叙利亚持续不断的帮助和支持,因此两国的联盟保持30多年而不破,其中各种因素对两国关系的促进正是本文所要揭示的。从1979年伊朗伊斯兰共和国建立至今,伊朗与叙利亚的关系走过了从有限接触到合作,再到正式联盟的几大阶段,但两国关系并不都是上升的,还有回落和冷淡时期。除此之外,本研究对两国与黎巴嫩、伊拉克的关系也进行了充分的梳理,以便了解什叶派势力的形成过程：从伊拉克战争之后,伊拉克局势得到其国内多数的什叶派人口掌控,因此中东地区形成了伊朗——伊拉克——叙利亚——黎巴嫩(真主党)为主体的“什叶派新月地带”。因此,伊朗与叙利亚的联盟关系不仅仅只是两国之间的利益交换,而是形成了一个对抗区域大国和逊尼派势力的地缘政治实体。随着什叶派势力越来越强大,逊尼派与什叶派积累已久的矛盾重重升级,从地区角度而言,叙利亚内战则成为什叶派与逊尼派的代理人战争,即以伊朗为首的什叶派力量支持叙利亚政府军,而沙特和海湾君主国等逊尼派国家则支持叙利亚逊尼派组成的反对派；从区域外的国际社会而言,这场战争甚至还成为美国及其北约盟友土耳其支持的逊尼派与俄罗斯支持的什叶派的隐形代理人战争。因此,叙利亚局势发展,尤其是什叶派新月带的核心之轴伊朗——叙利亚关系的演变,对于未来整个中东的力量重组有着决定性意义,对于域外大国在中东的影响力也将是一种考验。
[Abstract]:Iran and Syria are two important countries in the Middle East region. Since they became allies in 1982, the two countries have maintained firm alliance relations, especially in the Syrian civil war, where Iran has continued to help and support Syria. Therefore, the alliance between the two countries has remained unbroken for more than 30 years, and the promotion of the relations between the two countries by various factors is exactly what this article reveals. Since the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, the relations between Iran and Syria have gone from limited contacts to cooperation. To the major stages of the formal alliance, however, the relations between the two countries are not both rising, and there is also a period of decline and coldness. In addition, this study also fully combs the relations between the two countries, Lebanon and Iraq. In order to understand the process of formation of Shiite forces: since the war in Iraq, the situation in Iraq has been dominated by a majority of the Shia population in the country. As a result, the Middle East region has formed a "Shia crescent zone" dominated by Iran, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon (Hezbollah). Therefore, the alliance between Iran and Syria is not just an exchange of interests between the two countries. It is a geopolitical entity that confronts regional powers and Sunni forces. As Shiite forces grow stronger, the long-accumulated conflict between Sunnis and Shiites escalates, from a regional point of view, The Syrian civil war has become a proxy war between Shia and Sunnis, in which Shiite forces led by Iran support Syrian government forces, while Sunni countries such as Saudi Arabia and the Gulf monarchy support the opposition formed by Syrian Sunnis. In terms of the international community outside the region, the war has even become an invisible proxy war between Sunnis supported by the United States and its NATO ally, Turkey, and Russian-backed Shia. As a result, the situation in Syria has evolved. In particular, the evolution of Iran-Syria relations, the core axis of the Shia crescent belt, will be decisive for the restructuring of power throughout the Middle East in the future, and will also be a test for the influence of foreign powers in the Middle East.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D837.3;D837.6
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本文编号：1616246