中国国际海洋事务的话语权问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 13:05

  本文选题：国际海洋事务　切入点：话语权　出处：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：一个国家在国际海洋事务中的话语权，是指该国在“国际海洋法发展现状与各国主张”、“海运、航行及海事安全”、“海洋环境”、“海洋科技”、“国际间合作与协调”等具体海洋问题领域内通过各种话语渠道，将自身所持有的观念融入国际环境中，在最大程度上获取国际社会成员的正向认同，从而获得建构国际性规则、秩序的能力。自《联合国海洋法公约》生效以来，谈判、合作、磋商取代武力征服成为解决海洋争端的主要方式，相应的话语权亦取代军事实力成为全球海洋国家关注的焦点。 改革开放以来，我国增强了对国际海洋事务的参与力度，在传播话语的质量、话语平台的参与度以及话语平台的构建等方面均取得了巨大进步，极大地提升了我国的话语权。但不能忽视的是，我国目前在国际海洋事务中的地位与自身实力依然不相匹配，话语权依然总体较弱。造成这一现象的原因主要有五个方面：即话语传播主体的性质单一且定位模糊；话语内容质量较低，缺乏足够的官方解读与学术研究加以支撑；话语传播的能力不足，使得在某些问题领域国际社会难以听到来自我国的声音；传播客体针对性差,忽视效果研究；意识形态和国家利益冲突，西方海洋强国对我国实行压制和打击。 西方传统海洋国家较早开始注重通过提升自身在国际海洋事务中的话语权以维护自身海洋权益。在这方面形成了大量可供我国借鉴的经验，，这些经验主要体现在五个方面：即话语主体应有清晰的自我认知；话语主体要有积极主动精神；吸引多元话语主体参与；话语内容质量要高；要形成强大的话语平台持续参与能力。 针对目前中国国际海洋事务的话语权问题，借鉴西方海洋国家的经验，笔者认为，应采取以下对策：提升自身国际海洋话语的质量，注重提升话语的吸引力与感召力；注重构建国际海洋话语的多元传播主体，在明确话语传播主体身份的基础上，培育涉海社会组织的发展，鼓励参与国际海洋事务，实现话语传播主体的多元化；丰富国际海洋话语权的转化手段，既要妥善处理与各海洋国家间的关系，加强国际海洋话语在政府间的传播，又要加强在国际话语平台上的话语传播能力，还要注重开展相应的海洋公共外交，加强国际海洋话语在民间的传播。在此基础上，全力参与国际海洋话语平台的构建。
[Abstract]:The right of a State to speak in international ocean affairs refers to the status quo of the development of the international law of the sea and the claims of States, "Maritime transport," "Navigation and maritime safety", "Marine environment", "marine science and technology", "international cooperation and coordination" and other specific areas of marine issues, through a variety of discourse channels, to integrate their own concepts into the international environment, To maximize the positive recognition of the members of the international community and thus the ability to establish international rules and order... Since the entry into force of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, negotiations and cooperation, Instead of military conquest, negotiation becomes the main way to solve maritime disputes, and the corresponding power of speech also replaces military power as the focus of global marine countries. Since the reform and opening up, China has strengthened its participation in international marine affairs, and has made great progress in the quality of communication, the participation of discourse platforms and the construction of discourse platforms. This has greatly enhanced the right of our country to speak. But what cannot be ignored is that our current position in international ocean affairs still does not match our own strength. The main reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: the nature of the subject of discourse communication is simple and the position is vague, the quality of discourse content is low, and there is a lack of sufficient official interpretation and academic research to support the phenomenon. The insufficient capacity of discourse communication makes it difficult for the international community to hear the voice from our country in some problem areas; the communication object is mistargeted and neglects the research of effect; the conflict of ideology and national interest, Western maritime powers suppress and strike our country. Western traditional marine countries began to focus on safeguarding their maritime rights and interests by enhancing their voice in international ocean affairs. In this respect, a great deal of experience has been formed for our country to learn from. These experiences are mainly reflected in five aspects: the discourse subject should have clear self-cognition, the discourse subject should have the active spirit, the multi-discourse subject should be attracted to participate, the discourse content quality should be high; To form a strong discourse platform for sustained participation. In view of the issue of the right to speak in China's international ocean affairs and the experience of the western countries, the author thinks that the following countermeasures should be taken: to improve the quality of their own international marine discourse, and to focus on enhancing the attractiveness and appeal of the discourse; On the basis of defining the identity of the subject of discourse communication, we should cultivate the development of the social organizations concerned with the sea, encourage participation in international marine affairs, and realize the diversification of the subject of discourse communication. In order to enrich the means of transformation of international maritime discourse, it is necessary not only to properly deal with the relations with various marine countries, but also to strengthen the communication capacity of international ocean discourse on the platform of international discourse, as well as to strengthen the dissemination of international ocean discourse among governments. On the basis of this, we should pay more attention to the public diplomacy of the sea and strengthen the dissemination of the international ocean discourse, and participate fully in the construction of the international ocean discourse platform.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D820


本文编号：1624860