泰国与老挝对华外交政策转变的比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 20:38

本文选题：泰国　切入点：老挝　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着中国经济的崛起以及在国际上快速增长的实力，对华外交政策的关注开始成为中国邻近国家外交政策的焦点。本文以查尔斯·欧·理查同阿卜杜拉A·萨德的国家利益观点、杰姆斯·N罗萨的联接政治理论为分析框架，研究自1973年以来泰国、自1986年以来老挝的对华政策，两国对华政策的优势之处，以及在后冷战时代政策的进一步发展。本文假定泰国和老挝的国家利益包括经济、政治以及外部的因素，特别是全球和地区的国际环境，这些因素影响了两国对华外交政策的变化。泰国和老挝的国家利益；政府的合法性安全；经济发展和价值观念的维持都是关系两国调整对华政策的关键因素。由于政治和安全利益的需要，两国都把中国作为友好、值得信赖的邻居和伙伴。当然也有外部因素的影响,与泰国相比，外部因素对老挝外交政策变化的作用显著，这正好印证了联接政治理论的假设。本文发现在1973年随着国际环境的变化和泰国领导人转变对中国的看法使泰国对华的政策发生了变化。领导人的观念不再关注军队，而是谋求泰国在国际政治中的地位。同样地，在后冷战时代，老挝对华外交政策的改变也是国际环境转换及1986年提出“新思考”的结果。这一政策是在越南和苏联对老挝的影响力减弱之后，老挝欲打开国门同邻国开展合作而制定的。因此,内部和外部因素都影响了两国外交政策的变化,但两国政策变化的差别是内在因素的作用。在1973年,泰国的内部因素在对外政策制定上发挥更大的影响作用。同时在20世纪80年代早期，相较于稳定的内部因素，老挝的外部因素更多的影响到了外交政策的制定。本文认为,与泰国相比,外部因素对老挝的对外政策变化影响更大,例如,在柬埔寨问题解决后，国际环境发生了变化，对老挝进行经济援助的东欧共产主义国家的垮台使老挝需要找到新的经济伙伴。中国是其最大的邻国，中、俄关系已恢复正常，中国的经济发展能够使老挝的经济获益。老挝视中国为可以代替原合作伙伴的最重要的援助者。此外，在冷战末期中国和越南也影响到老挝的对外政策制定。因此，对于老挝的对外政策变化研究，正适合用此理论框架进行解释,尤其是联接政治理论。与老挝的事例相比，泰国内部因素对外交政策变化的影响大于外部因素的作用。适逢国内政治力量由军人集团转向平民集团，在1973年10月14日人民起义之后,平民和中产阶级在政治上发挥越来越大的作用,泰国需要扩大同邻国的贸易和市场。与此同时,在1986年老挝外交政策的转变当中，外部因素则发挥更大的作用。与老挝相比，自越南干涉柬埔寨以来，外部因素的作用在越南呈下降的趋势。在20世纪80年代，外部因素表现为在世界超级大国之间建立了相互的发展关系,包括苏中、苏美、美中关系以及苏联权力的衰弱。两国对比来看,老挝内部因素对政策制定的影响比泰国小。首先在于老挝社会主义意识形态、一党领导的政治制度，使国内更加稳定；其次是越南和苏联非殖民化与国家发展的对外政策的示范作用。然而在泰国,因为泰国政变与“民主”的政治体制的原因，国内不如老挝稳定。由于政治制度的关系，老挝的外交政策有更多连续性。对老挝来说，自从苏联成为社会主义阵营的领导并对老挝提供经济援助后，苏联对老挝的外交政策变化起到重要的作用。在20世纪80年代末苏联的解体使老挝寻求能够替代的国家。老挝视中国为最重要的国家,它一方面可以代替苏联支持老挝的经济和基础设施建设，另一方面能够保障建立双边关系之后的安全问题。此外，在这两种案例中都面临权力真空问题,在20世纪70年代早期,美国减弱了在东南亚大陆的影响力，在20世纪80年代末越南对老挝的外交政策施加影响,这些权力的变化使两个小国处于被孤立的冒险境地,从而使领导人改变了他们对中国作为友好和乐于助人的地区大国的观念。两国对华外交政策进行了有效的调整，两国在同中国和平共处的基础上进一步发展互利合作的双边关系,甚至走深化合作的道路。我的论文将分为三部分来阐述：分别是引言、内容和结语。第一部分引言本部分将阐释在分析案例中使用的理论框架，并对涉及到泰国和老挝的外交政策、中国在东南亚大陆国家外交影响力的相关文献资料进行综合述评。本章也介绍了论文的研究目的，并将对泰国和老挝的外交政策研究的结果拟分为三个章节进行阐释。第一章中泰、中老关系的历史回顾这一章阐述对比泰国和老挝外交政策的重要性。两国在不同的意识形态和外交政策影响下，与中国的外交关系将会有不同的特点。本章通过对历史因素的探讨，阐述了过去的对外政策对同期及未来的外交政策的影响。在论文中，我将介绍两国在特殊历史时期，决策者是如何形成他们对中国的观念的。第二章影响政策变化的内部和外部因素这一章阐述了本文的主要观点即通过对泰国、老挝两国情况的客观比较，包括对内、外因素的分析，得出国家利益在两国对华的政策变化中起决定作用。这一章除阐释国家利益成为经济发展和保持政府在国内权力的影响因素之外，也探讨了外部环境变化的影响作用。第三章政策变化的结果这一章阐述了政策变化的结果，泰国和老挝把与中国关系正常化的调整看作是小国为了在国际政治中生存的正确选择。本文认为，泰国和老挝除了文化和信仰相同之外，其他方面很少有共同点，但当两国面临同样的国内政治困境和外部环境的变化时，他们都意识到与中国的关系正常化将会是利大于弊。通过加强与中国的合作，，泰国和老挝已经实现了他们的政治和经济目标。
[Abstract]:With the rise of Chinese economy and the strength of the rapid growth in the world, China's foreign policy began to become the focus of attention Chinese neighboring countries foreign policy. The Charles O. Richard view with national interests Saad Abdullah A, James N and Rosa political connection theory as analysis framework, research of Thailand since 1973. Since 1986, the Laos China policy, the policy advantages, and in the post Cold War era policy of further development. This paper assumes that the national interests of Thailand and Laos, including economic, political and external factors, especially the global and regional environment, these factors affect the change of China's foreign policy towards China.
Thailand and Laos national interests; the legitimacy of the security of the government; to maintain economic development and values are the key factors to adjust the relations between the two countries policy toward China. Due to the political and security interests, both China as friendly, trustworthy neighbors and partners. But there are external factors, and Thailand compared with the change of external factors on Laos foreign policy effect, this confirms the connection of political theory hypothesis.
We found that in 1973 with the changes of international environment and the change of opinion leaders in Thailand Chinese make Thailand China's policy change. The concept of leaders pay no attention to the army, but for the status of Thailand in international politics. Similarly, in the post Cold War era, Laos's foreign policy towards China is also changing international environment transformation and put forward in 1986 the "new thinking". This policy is weakened after the Vietnam and the Soviet influence in Laos, Laos to open cooperation with neighboring countries and developed. Therefore, the internal and external factors that influence the change of diplomatic policy, but the policy change difference is the role of internal factors in 1973. The internal factors of Thailand play a bigger role in foreign policy making. At the same time in the early 1980s, compared to the stability of the internal factors, external Laos The factors have more influence on the formulation of foreign policy.
This paper argues that, compared with Thailand, the external factors of foreign policy changes to Laos is a greater impact, for example, to solve the problem in Kampuchea, changes in the international environment, the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe countries economic aid to Laos to Laos to find new economic partners. China is its biggest neighbors, Russia the relationship has been restored to normal, Chinese economic development can make its economic benefit. Chinese regarded Laos instead of the original partner to be the most important aid. In addition, at the end of the cold war Chinese and Vietnam also affect the foreign policy formulation of Laos. Therefore, for the study of foreign policy changes in Laos, is suitable for the explanation this theoretical framework, especially the connection of political theory.
Compared with the case of Thailand Laos, effects of internal factors on foreign policy change is greater than the influence of external factors. As domestic political forces by the military to the civilian group group, after the October 14, 1973 uprising, civilians and the middle class will play a more important role in politics, Thailand needs to expand the market and trade with neighboring countries.
At the same time, changes in 1986 Laos Foreign Policy, while the external factors play a greater role. Compared with Laos, Vietnam since the intervention in Kampuchea, the role of external factors showed a downward trend in Vietnam. In 1980s, the external factors and the performance of the development of the relationship established between the superpower in the world, including the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union and the United States, the U.S. - China relationship and the Soviet power is weak.
The comparison of effects of internal factors on Laos policy is smaller than Thailand. The first is that the Lao socialist ideology, the leadership of one party political system, the more stable; followed by Vietnam and the Soviet Union of decolonization and the development of the country's foreign policy. However, for demonstration in Thailand because of the coup in Thailand and "democracy" the political system, as the domestic stability. Because of the political system in Laos, Laos has more continuity in foreign policy. In Laos, since the Soviet Union became the leader of the socialist camp and Laos for financial assistance to Laos, Soviet foreign policy changes play an important role. To seek alternative to the country of Laos in the end of 1980s the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Chinese Laos regarded as the most important country, on the one hand it can replace the Soviet Union to support economic and basic facilities in Laos Construction, on the other hand, can guarantee security issues after the establishment of bilateral relations.
In addition, the power vacuum problem confronted in the two case, in the early 1970s, the United States has weakened the influence in mainland Southeast Asia, Vietnam's foreign policy towards Laos influence at the end of 1980s, these changes of power makes the two small countries in the isolated risk situation, so that the leaders change them as friendly and willing to help the idea of regional power Chinese.
The two countries have made effective adjustments to China's foreign policy. Based on the peaceful coexistence with China, the two countries have further developed mutually beneficial bilateral relations and even deepened their cooperation. My thesis will be divided into three parts: introduction, content and conclusion.
Part one introduction
This part will explain theoretical framework used in the analysis in the case, and to involve Thailand and Laos Foreign Policy, China in mainland Southeast Asia countries diplomatic influence the relevant literature comprehensive review. This chapter also introduces the research purpose, and Research on foreign policy of Thailand and Laos, the results to be divided into the three chapter carries on the explanation.
The first chapter of China and Thailand, the historical review of the relationship between China and the old
This chapter describes the comparison of Thailand and Laos. The importance of foreign policy between the two countries in the influence of different ideology and foreign policy, have different characteristics and Chinese diplomatic relations. This chapter will through the discussion on historical factors, explains the influence of the past and future of foreign policy over foreign policy. In the paper, I will introduce the two countries in the special historical period, policymakers is how to form their ideas about the Chinese.
The second chapter affects the internal and external factors of policy change
This chapter expounds the main points of this paper is based on Thailand, Laos objectively compare the situation, including internal and external factors analysis, the national interests play a decisive role in the China policy changes. This chapter in the interpretation of national interests become the economic development and maintaining the government on the impact factors of domestic power besides, it discusses the role of changes in the external environment.
The third chapter the result of the policy change
This chapter describes the policy change results, Thailand and Laos and the normalization of the adjustment of the relationship between China as is a small country in order to select the correct survival in international politics. This paper argues that, in addition to Thailand and Laos, culture and other aspects of the same faith, there is little in common, but when they face the same dilemma of domestic political change and the external environment, they are aware of the relationship between the normal and Chinese will outweigh the costs. By strengthening cooperation with Chinese, Thailand and Laos have achieved their political and economic goals.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D833.6;D833.4

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