小国的安全战略：为什么国家没有发展军事力量

发布时间：2018-03-19 12:17

本文选题：自助体系　切入点：地区权力结构　出处：《外交学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文的研究问题是:在国际体系这样一个无政府的自助体系里,为什么还有二十多个国家没有正规军队?这些国家既没有通过自助发展自身的军事力量,也没有与它国正式结盟制衡大国,但是它们却依然长期生存了下来。这一现象的大量存在,是主流的结构现实主义理论所无法解释的“反常”事例。论文主要就这一现象进行研究。通过对无正规军队国家进行统计分析、分类比较,可以发现,它们主要集中分布在三个地区:大洋洲南太平洋地区、北美洲加勒比海地区、欧洲内陆地区。在地区分类基础上通过进一步的分析,可发现这些国家之所以没有正规军队,主要是基于其地理位置、地区权力结构、殖民地历史记忆与国际规范的原因。整体上,地理位置主要表现为岛国或内陆国,而且这些不发展军事力量的国家中,岛国占据了大部分;殖民地历史记忆则基本上是这些国家的共同历史烙印,并深深地影响着它们国家发展军队的选择;主权国际规范的不断发展完善,使这些国家的威胁感知降低,对不发展军事力量产生了规范和制约的作用;地区权力结构主要呈现为单极和两极或多极的结构特点。其中,地区权力结构的重要性较为突出,单极、两极或多极的地区权力结构能够影响小国的安全认知和威胁感。论文在地区分类基础上,对地区权力结构进行了比较研究,发现总体上单极的地区权力结构对国家不发展军事力量的影响比较大。此外,地理因素始终占据着基础性的地位和作用。这些国家在上述因素的叠加作用下,没有发展军事力量,但是它们反而成为世界上相对安全的国度。论文的这一研究丰富了我们对国际政治的理解,凸显出现实主义理论在实践中的不足,也为建构更加丰满的国际政治理论提供启发。
[Abstract]:The question of this paper is: in an anarchic self-help system like the international system, why do more than 20 countries have no regular troops? These countries have not developed their own military power through self-help, nor have they formally aligned themselves with other countries to counterbalance the great powers, but they have survived for a long time. Is an "abnormal" case that the mainstream structural realism theory cannot explain. This phenomenon is mainly studied in this paper. Through statistical analysis, classification and comparison of countries without regular military forces, we can find that, They are mainly concentrated in three regions: Oceania in the South Pacific, the Caribbean in North America, inland in Europe. Further analysis on the basis of regional classification reveals that these countries do not have regular military forces. Mainly because of their geographical location, regional power structure, colonial historical memory and international norms. Overall, geographical location is mainly manifested as an island country or a landlocked country, and among these countries that do not develop military power, The island countries occupied the majority; the colonial historical memory was basically a common historical mark of these countries and deeply influenced their choice of military development; and the continuous development of sovereign international norms, This reduces the perception of threats in these countries and has a normative and restrictive effect on the non-development of military forces. Regional power structures are characterized mainly by unipolar and bipolar or multipolar structures. Among them, the importance of regional power structures is more prominent. Unipolar, bipolar or multipolar regional power structure can affect the security perception and threat of small countries. Based on regional classification, this paper makes a comparative study of regional power structure. It is found that the overall unipolar regional power structure has a greater impact on the state's failure to develop military power. In addition, geographical factors have always occupied a fundamental position and role. Military forces have not been developed, but they have become relatively safe countries in the world. This study enriches our understanding of international politics and highlights the shortcomings of realism in practice. It also provides inspiration for the construction of fuller international political theory.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815.5

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