浅析特鲁多的外交思想及其实践

发布时间：2018-03-19 20:27

本文选题：特鲁多　切入点：外交思想　出处：《山东大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 皮埃尔·埃利奥特·特鲁多(Pieere Elliott Trudeau)是1968年至1984年在任的加拿大总理,虽在1979年一度下台,但在1980年再次出任,他在任的16年,经历了四次联邦大选,特鲁多总理执政十六年间使加拿大跻身于西方七大经济强国之列同时于1982年从英国手中收回了加拿大宪法,成为真正的主权国家。特鲁多总理在卸任时,他所倡导的“公正社会”变成了一个真正公正的社会,其突出的政治业绩使他赢得了卓越政治家的美誉。在加拿大历史上,特鲁多总理与开国总理约翰·亚历山大·麦克唐纳(John A. Macdonald)及“二战”总理威廉·里昂·麦肯齐·金(W. L. Mackenzie King)一样享有盛名、载入历史。对特鲁多外交思想及其实践的考察,对于理解特鲁多时代的外交政策具有重要的意义,有助于正确理解加拿大政府现在的外交政策,同时也有益于我国的外交实践活动。本文的前言部分简要介绍了国内外关于特鲁多外交思想的研究现状及方法,并提出本文意在解决的问题。本文的主体部分分为四个部分：第一章：特鲁多的外交思想和加拿大外交政策白皮书的发表。特鲁多的外交思想主要表现出以下三个方面：1、外交政策应该服务于国家利益。2、把加拿大定位为“中等国家”的观念。3、积极发展与第三世界和共产党国家的联系。这三个方面成为了特鲁多在以后外交活动的指导思想。对外交政策的审查,开始于加拿大对北约政策的审查,通过审查,加拿大政府把对北约的义务减少了一半,1970年,外交政策的审查以《加拿大外交政策白皮书》的发表而宣告结束,白皮书基本上体现了特鲁多的外交思想。第二章：特鲁多外交思想产生的国际、国内背景和个人因素。这一章着重分析了国际因素、国内因素对外交思想的产生所起的决定作用,同时个人因素也起到了不可忽视的作用。特鲁多上台后,国际形势发生巨大变化,世界局势出现缓和迹象：美国实力的相对下降；西欧日本的崛起；第三世界的发展,不仅如此,加拿大国内也发生变化,国内改革派要求改变以前的外交政策,这也对特鲁多的外交思想产生了影响,同时特鲁多丰富的阅历对外交思想的塑造也有十分重要的作用。第三章：特鲁多外交思想的实践。首先,外交政策服务于国家利益的具体实践,加拿大在北约上的政策；加拿大与中国的建交；实施“第三种选择”；“外国资本审查署”,在外交政策服务于国家利益这一外交思想上着重介绍了加拿大与中国建交的背景、曲折过程、巨大意义。其次,积极发展与第三世界和共产党国家的关系,这一小部分介绍了加拿大积极倡导建立国际新秩序,积极改善与苏联的关系,同时加强与拉丁美洲的关系。再次,在对北约政策上,要求减少义务,鲜明地体现了特鲁多“中等国家”的外交思想。结论在分析前三章的基础上,对特鲁多的外交思想及其实践做出评判：特鲁多所领导的加拿大政府无论是经济上依赖美国,还是军事上需要美国保护,因此特鲁多政府虽然采取各种措施,但不可能真正的独立起来,只是较之以前的政府有了相对独立的外交权。
[Abstract]:Pierre Elliot Trudeau (Pieere Elliott Trudeau) is from 1968 to 1984 was the Prime Minister of Canada, although in 1979 once again as to step down, but in 1980, he was in office for 16 years, after the four federal election, Prime Minister Trudeau's sixteen years to Canada among the Western seven economic powers also took back from England in 1982 the Canadian Constitution, become a real sovereign state. The prime minister Trudeau when leaving office, he advocated "social justice" has become a real social justice, the outstanding political achievements earned him the outstanding politician in the world. In the history of Canada, Prime Minister Trudeau and Prime Minister John Alexander MacDonald (John A. Macdonald) and "World War II" prime minister William Leon Mackenzie Kim (W. L. Mackenzie King) as famous in history.
The investigation of Trudeau's diplomatic thoughts and practice is of great significance for understanding the foreign policy of Trudeau era. It helps to correctly understand the Canadian government's current foreign policy and is also conducive to our diplomatic practice.
The preface of this article briefly introduces the research status and methods of Trudeau's diplomatic thought at home and abroad, and puts forward the problems to be solved in this paper.
The main part of this article is divided into four parts:
The first chapter: Trudeau's diplomatic thoughts and Canadian foreign policy white paper. Trudeau's diplomatic thoughts mainly show the following three aspects: 1, should serve the interests of the state.2 foreign policy, the concept of ".3 Canada as middle-income countries", positive development and the third world countries and the Communist Party of the three links. Has become the guiding ideology of Trudeau in diplomatic activities. Foreign policy review began in Canada on NATO policy review, through the review, the government of Canada to NATO obligations halved in 1970, foreign policy review on Canadian foreign policy white paper published < > and ended, the white paper basically reflects Trudeau's diplomatic thoughts.
The second chapter: Trudeau's diplomatic thoughts from international, domestic background and personal factors. This chapter focuses on the analysis of the international factors, domestic factors on the decisive role played by the diplomatic thoughts, and personal factors also played a role can not be ignored. After Trudeau came to power, the international situation has undergone tremendous changes in the world situation. There are signs of relaxation: the relative decline of American power; the rise of Western Europe in Japan; the third world development, not only that, there are some changes in Canada, domestic reformist requirements change the previous foreign policy, which is also the diplomatic thought of Trudeau and Trudeau have an impact, rich experience in the building of diplomatic thoughts is very important role.
The third chapter: the practice of Trudeau's diplomatic thought. Firstly, the concrete practice of foreign policy served the interests of the state, the NATO policy in Canada; Canada and Chinese of the establishment of diplomatic relations; the implementation of the "third way"; "foreign capital review department" in foreign policy to serve the national interests of the diplomatic thought is mainly introduced. Canada and China diplomatic background, tortuous process, great significance. Secondly, actively develop relations with the third world and communist countries, this small part introduces that Canada actively advocated the establishment of a new international order, actively to improve relations with the Soviet Union, while strengthening relations with Latin America. Again, in the NATO policy. Required to reduce the obligations, clearly reflects the Trudeau "middle power" diplomatic thoughts.
Conclusion based on the analysis of the first three chapters, make a judgment on the diplomatic thought of Trudeau and its practice: led by the Trudeau government of Canada whether economic or military needs to rely on the United States, American protection, so although the Trudeau administration to take various measures, but can not be truly independent, but compared with the previous government a relatively independent diplomatic power.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D871.1

【引证文献】