IPCC如何影响国际气候谈判——一种基于认知共同体理论的分析

发布时间：2018-03-20 02:27

本文选题：政府间气候变化专门委员会　切入点：气候谈判　出处：《世界经济与政治》2014年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：气候变化问题的全球性和不确定性使国际气候政策的协调变得十分必要。政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)在国际气候谈判中的作用受到国际社会的普遍重视,但中国学术界对其作用机制的认识仍然有限。作者借鉴认知共同体理论,分析了IPCC影响国际气候谈判的四个主要路径,即政策创新、政策扩散、政策选择和政策坚持。首先,在政策创新层面,IPCC是国际气候谈判中的政策合法性来源。IPCC的科学性赋予了评估报告的合法性,成为国际气候谈判规范与原则的最高来源,直接支撑气候谈判。其次,在政策扩散层面,IPCC定期发布报告的模式具有累积效应,这种气候变化知识的传播能力极强,因此保持了气候变化在国际政治议程设置上的较高排序。再次,在政策选择层面,特别是IPCC与政治权力的关系上,IPCC的评估报告包括科学评估与政府评估的双重程序,在牺牲了部分科学合法性的同时,IPCC也维持了自身的政治影响力。最后,在政策坚持层面,IPCC与国际环境非政府组织的联合与互动形成了间接影响国际气候谈判的渠道。这一渠道强化了国际环境非政府组织与小岛屿国家等行为体向传统的国际气候谈判格局施压的作用。当然,IPCC作为气候变化的认知共同体,也存在着一些如科学专业精神不足、组织机构运行效率不高等影响其发挥作用的限制性因素。因此,IPCC的作用也是有边界的。
[Abstract]:The global and uncertain nature of the climate change issue necessitates the coordination of international climate policy. The role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC) in international climate negotiations has received universal attention from the international community, However, the Chinese academic circles still have a limited understanding of its mechanism. The author uses the cognitive community theory as a reference to analyze the four main ways in which IPCC influences international climate negotiations, that is, policy innovation, policy diffusion, policy choice and policy persistence. At the level of policy innovation, the IPCC is the source of policy legitimacy in international climate negotiations. The scientific nature of the IPCC gives legitimacy to the assessment report and becomes the highest source of norms and principles for international climate negotiations, which directly supports climate negotiations. At the policy diffusion level, the IPCC model of periodic reporting has a cumulative effect, and the ability to disseminate knowledge on climate change is extremely strong, thus maintaining a high ranking of climate change in the setting of the international political agenda. Thirdly, at the policy choice level, In particular, on the relationship between IPCC and political power, the IPCC's assessment report includes a dual procedure of scientific assessment and government assessment, which, while sacrificing some of the legitimacy of science, also maintains its own political influence. At the policy insistence level, the association and interaction between the IPCC and international environmental non-governmental organizations form a channel that indirectly affects international climate negotiations. This channel reinforces the shift of international environmental non-governmental organizations and small island States to traditional practices. Of course, the IPCC, as the cognitive community for climate change, There are also some restrictive factors, such as the lack of scientific professionalism and the inefficient operation of the organization. Therefore, the role of IPCC also has its limits.
【作者单位】：北京大学国际关系学院;
【基金】：2012年国家科技支撑计划课题“气候变化与国家安全战略的关键技术研究”(项目编号:2012BAC20B06)的资助
【分类号】：P467;D81

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