当代“无核世界”运动分析

发布时间：2018-03-23 12:19

本文选题：无核世界　切入点：核不扩散机制　出处：《外交学院》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 从核武器诞生起,回归更加安全的“无核世界”呼声就此起彼伏。“无核世界”在理论上符合国际关系理论中自由制度主义的合作模式,在利益上符合国际社会中大多数国家的安全需要,并有道义上的必要性。虽然回归“无核世界”的道路曲折而漫长,但通过抓住有效控制核扩散、切实进行核裁军等途径采取一种渐进式的方法,逐步走向“无核世界”。进入核时代以来,世界上先后出现过四次废除核武器、建立“无核世界”运动的高潮。通过这些浪潮的推动,一系列核不扩散和核裁军方面的国际条约和国际组织应运而生,从国际法、国际机制的角度规范了国家对于核武器的战略选择和相应的行为,保证了“无核世界”的可行性。然而,由于科技进步、全球一体化、对和平利用核能的急迫需求等客观因素和应承担主要责任的核大国尤其是美国一度失职产生的主观因素带来的障碍,“无核世界”始终难以成真。美国新任总统奥巴马上台后由于内部原因和外部原因的共同作用,而对“无核世界”的新浪潮采取了大力支持的态度。为此,奥巴马政府采取了发布新的《核态势审议报告》减小核武器在美国安全战略中的作用、与俄罗斯达成新的裁军条约落实核裁军步伐、推动召开国际核安全峰会以加强全球共同防范核恐怖主义的力度、强化并完善国际核不扩散机制和军控机制等具体行动,为当前的“无核世界”运动争取到了天时、地利、人和。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of nuclear weapons, calls for a return to a safer "nuclear-free world" have been repeated. The "nuclear-free world" is theoretically in line with the free institutionalism model of cooperation in the theory of international relations. Serving the security needs of most States in the international community and the moral imperative... although the road to a return to a "nuclear-free world" is long and tortuous, by seizing the effective control of nuclear proliferation, We should adopt a gradual approach to nuclear disarmament and move towards a world without nuclear weapons. Since entering the nuclear age, the world has witnessed the climax of the campaign for the abolition of nuclear weapons and the establishment of a "nuclear-free world". Through these waves, a series of international treaties and organizations in the field of nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament have emerged as the times require. From the point of view of international law and international mechanisms, the strategic choices and corresponding actions of States with regard to nuclear weapons are regulated and the feasibility of a "nuclear-free world" is guaranteed. However, as a result of scientific and technological progress, global integration, The obstacles caused by objective factors such as the urgent demand for the peaceful use of nuclear energy and the subjective factors caused by the major responsible nuclear powers, especially the United States, have always been difficult to realize. Since the new US President Barack Obama came to power, he has taken a strong attitude of support for the new wave of a "nuclear-free world" because of the joint action of internal and external reasons. To this end, The Obama administration has taken the step of issuing a new Nuclear posture Review to reduce the role of nuclear weapons in the US security strategy and to conclude a new disarmament treaty with Russia to implement nuclear disarmament. To promote the convening of the International Nuclear Security Summit to strengthen the global joint efforts to prevent nuclear terrorism, and to strengthen and improve the international nuclear non-proliferation mechanism and the arms control mechanism, and other concrete actions, thus winning the right time and favorable geographical position for the current "nuclear-free world" movement. People and people.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D815.2

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