冷战后欧盟人道主义援助研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 19:11

  本文选题：欧盟　切入点：人道主义援助　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：冷战后,国际局势的变化使得人道主义援助受到越来越多的关注,两极格局结束后,随着全球人道主义危机增多,越来越多的行为体参与到人道主义援助行动之中。人道主义援助是对外援助的重要组成部分。是由各国政府、国际组织以及非政府组织参与的,向受到自然灾害或人为灾难影响的国家提供的援助。人道主义援助所附加的政治和军事条件较少,或者没有附加条件。人道主义援助旨在救助人的生命,维护人的尊严。人道主义援助脱离政治目标,关注受害者的生命与尊严,人道主义援助的基本原则是独立、公正、中立以及人道。欧盟是当今世界最重要的人道主义援助行为体之一,作为世界上最大的援助者,通过与其他国际组织或非政府组织合作,向全世界范围内受人道主义危机影响的地区提供援助。欧盟从70年代开始参与人道主义援助,但这一时期人道主义援助并非欧共体对外关系的重要内容,也缺乏单独的统筹管理机构,援助十分局限且呈现出明显的政治色彩。直到1992年欧盟委员会人道主义援助办公室(the European Commission Office for Humanitarian Aid,ECHO)成立以后,人道主义援助才逐渐实现制度化。从1992年至今,欧盟人道主义援助经历了三个发展阶段,成立了独立的管理机构,制定了行动目标,合作框架;出台相关法律奠定制度基础;凝聚社会共识,加强公民参与。人道主义援助援助的内容和范围都得到扩展,援助机制也不断完善。欧盟人道主义援助范围遍布全球,援助内容丰富,不仅包括紧急时期基于生存与生活需求的救援,也包含长期的基于发展与保护的救援。欧盟不仅关注重大危机地区,也重视被遗忘的危机地区。如今,欧盟是提供人道主义援助体现了欧盟的人道主义关怀和欧洲价值观,对于缓解人道主义灾难,提高欧盟形象与影响力、增强欧洲凝聚力十分重要。但是,欧盟的人道主义援助也经常受到质疑,常被认为带有政治动机,这削弱了人道主义援助坚持的原则,这不仅体现在欧盟内部的人道主义援助机制上,也体现在欧盟与受援国关系、欧盟的对外关系政策之中。而叙利亚危机就是一个典型案例,体现出欧盟人道主义援助仍然受政治因素的影响。面对人道主义援助面临的政治性挑战,欧盟仍需要采取更多的措施,完善人道主义援助机制与政策。
[Abstract]:After the Cold War, the changes in the international situation have made humanitarian assistance receive more and more attention. After the end of the bipolar pattern, with the increase of global humanitarian crises, An increasing number of actors are involved in humanitarian assistance operations. Humanitarian assistance is an important component of foreign assistance... involving governments, international organizations and non-governmental organizations, Assistance to countries affected by natural or man-made disasters... humanitarian assistance is less or less conditional on political and military conditions... humanitarian assistance is intended to save human lives, Safeguarding human dignity. Humanitarian assistance is divorced from political objectives and is concerned with the lives and dignity of the victims, and the fundamental principles of humanitarian assistance are independence and impartiality, Neutrality and humanity. The EU is one of the most important humanitarian aid actors in the world today, as the largest donor in the world, through cooperation with other international organizations or non-governmental organizations, The European Union has been involved in humanitarian assistance since the 1970s, but during this period humanitarian assistance was not an important part of the Community's external relations. There was also a lack of a separate overall management agency, and aid was limited and politically visible. Until the establishment of the European Commission Office for Humanitarian Aidhoo in 1992, From 1992 to now, EU humanitarian aid has gone through three stages of development, established an independent regulatory body, formulated operational objectives, cooperation framework, and issued relevant laws to lay the foundation of the system. Building social consensus and strengthening citizen participation. The content and scope of humanitarian assistance have been expanded, and the aid mechanism has been continuously improved. The EU humanitarian assistance covers the whole world and is rich in content. It includes not only survival and life-demand relief in times of emergency, but also long-term relief based on development and protection. The European Union focuses not only on major crisis areas, but also on forgotten crisis areas. The EU is providing humanitarian aid that embodies the EU's humanitarian concerns and European values, and is important for alleviating humanitarian disasters, enhancing the EU's image and influence, and enhancing European cohesion. European Union humanitarian aid is often questioned and often considered politically motivated, weakening the principles that humanitarian aid upholds, not only in the EU's internal humanitarian aid mechanisms, It is also reflected in the relations between the EU and the recipient countries, in the EU's foreign relations policy. And the Syrian crisis is a typical case. In the face of the political challenges faced by humanitarian aid, the EU still needs to take more measures to improve the mechanism and policy of humanitarian aid.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D814.1

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